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SOURCES AND STATISTICS

 

(00:04:09)

CLOSE TO 500 BLACK AND BROWN PEOPLE IN THE U.S. ARE KILLED BY POLICE EVERY YEAR AND MOST OF THEM ARE YOUTH

“The Counted: people killed by police in the US.” The Guardian. 2016

“How Many People Are Killed by Police Each Year?” The Atlantic. May, 2016

 

(00:04:18)

BLACK AMERICANS ARE 2.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE MURDERED BY POLICE THAN WHITE AMERICANS*

“Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex.” PNAS. August, 2019. 116 (34)

“Mapping fatal police violence across U.S. metropolitan areas: Overall rates and racial/ethnic inequities, 2013-2017.” PLOS One. June, 2020 

*Black Americans may be 3 times more likely to be murdered by police nationally. This varies widely by geography, with Black Chicagoans as much as 6.5 times more likely to be murdered by police.

 

(00:04:26)

BLACK YOUTH ARE 14 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM GUNS THAN WHITE CHILDREN OF THE SAME AGE

“14X [...]” Everytown Support Fund Research & Policy

 

(00:04:31)

ACROSS ALL ALL AGES, BLACK AMERICANS ARE 504% MORE LIKELY TO DIE BY HOMICIDE THAN WHITE AMERICANS

“The Good, The Bad And The Ugly Of African-American Mortality In The US.” Forbes. May, 2017

“Homicide Trends In The United States, 1980-2008.” Bureau of Justice Statistics. November, 2011

 

(00:06:10)

OVER 15,000 PEOPLE ARE MURDERED IN THE US EVERY YEAR*

“Gun Deaths Inched Up in 2019.” The Trace. January, 2020

“Past Summary Ledgers.” Gun Violence Archive. December, 2020

“Number of reported murder and nonnegligent manslaughter cases in the United States from 1990 to 2019.” Statista. September, 2020

*Both gun deaths (accidental and intentional, non-suicide) and homicides exceed 15,000 every year.

The 15,292 figure refers specifically to non-suicide gun deaths for 2019 as understood during the production of the film.


(00:06:16)

OVER 70,000 PEOPLE DIE FROM DRUG OVERDOSES EVERY YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES

“CDC: Drug overdose deaths up 4.6% in 2019.” American Hospital Association. July, 2020

“Drug Overdose Deaths.” CDC. March, 2020

 

(00:06:26)

THE GOVERNMENT HAS KNOWINGLY ALLOWED DRUGS TO BE DROPPED IN LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES

“‘The New York Times’ Wants Gary Webb to Stay Dead.” The Nation. October, 2014

“Crack, Contras, and the CIA: The Storm over Dark Alliance.” Columbia Journalism Review. January/February, 1997

“Why the DEA intentionally lets drugs into communities.” The Washington Post. April, 2017

“Police Ignore Illegal Drugs, Focus on Seizing Cash.” The Atlantic. May, 2011

 

(00:08:47)

THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH FOR AFRICAN-AMERICANS ARE HEART DISEASE [23.3%], CANCER [20.8%], STROKE [5.7%], DIABETES [4.4%]

“Deaths: Leading Causes for 2017.” CDC - National Vital Statistics System. June, 2019

 

(00:08:55)

ALMOST HALF OF ALL AFRICAN AMERICAN’S HAVE SOME FORM OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE [47%]

“Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics 2017 At-a-Glance.” American Heart Association and American Stroke Association. January, 2017

 

(00:08:58)

NEARLY ONE IN FIVE AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE DIABETES

“The Disparate Impact of Diabetes on Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations.” Diabetes Advocacy. July, 2012. 30(3)

 

(00:10:09)

MOST OF THE HEART DISEASE, CANCER, DIABETES, STROKE, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND EVEN MUCH OF THE AUTOIMMUNE PROBLEMS THAT WE SEE SUCH ARE A DIRECT OUTGROWTH OF THE WAY PEOPLE EAT

“Association Between Dietary Factors and Mortality From Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States.” JAMA. March, 2017

“Role of “Western Diet” in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases.” Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. January, 2014. 14 (1)

“Immunodietica: A data-driven approach to investigate interactions between diet and autoimmune disorders.” Journal of Translational Autoimmunity. April, 2019. 1 (2019)

“Methionine Metabolism Shapes T Helper Cell Responses through Regulation of Epigenetic Reprogramming.” Clinical And Translational Report. February 2020. 31 (2)

 

(00:10:27)

NEARLY HALF OF ALL DEATHS FROM HEART DISEASE, STROKE, AND DIABETES ARE DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO A POOR DIET

“Association Between Dietary Factors and Mortality From Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States.” JAMA. March, 2017

 

(00:10:44)

MANY OF THE CHRONIC DIET RELATED DISEASES THAT USED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH OLDER PEOPLE ARE NOW MANIFESTING IN MILLENNIALS

“The impact of hypertension (high blood pressure) on commercially insured Americans.” Blue Cross Blue Shield. March, 2018

“The Health of Millennials.” Blue Cross Blue Shield. April, 2019

“Twenty Year Trends and Sex Differences in Young Adults Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction.” Circulation. November, 2018. 139 (8)

 

(00:11:05)

BLACK AMERICANS ARE 30% MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM HEART DISEASE THAN WHITE AMERICANS

“Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the United States.” Current Cardiology Reviews. August, 2015. 11 (3)

 

(00:11:09)

BLACK AMERICAN MEN ARE 40% MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM STROKE THAN WHITE AMERICANS

“Stroke and African Americans.” HHS - Office of Minority Health. February, 2020

 

(00:11:12)

BLACK AMERICANS ARE TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM DIABETES COMPARED TO WHITE AMERICANS

“Diabetes mortality rates among African Americans: A descriptive analysis pre and post Medicaid expansion.” Preventative Medicine Reports. December, 2018. Vol. 12

“Diabetes and African Americans.” HHS - Office of Minority Health. December, 2019

 

(00:11:16)

BLACK AMERICANS ARE TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM STOMACH CANCER COMPARED TO WHITE AMERICANS

“Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2019.” CA. May/June, 2019. 69(3)

 

(00:11:20)

AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN ARE 60% MORE LIKELY TO END UP WITH PROSTATE CANCER THAN CAUCASIAN MEN. AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN ARE ALSO MORE LIKELY TO HAVE MORE DEADLY FORMS OF THE DISEASE, BEING TWICE AS LIKELY TO DIE FROM PROSTATE CANCER

“Cancer Facts and Figure for African Americans 2019-2021.” American Cancer Society. 2019


 

(00:11:39)

THE RATES OF SOME ILLNESSES, PARTICULARLY DIABETES, CANCER, AND KIDNEY FAILURE ARE SOMETIMES 2 TO 3 TIMES HIGHER IN AFRICAN AMERICANS COMPARED TO THE WHITE POPULATION

“The Disparate Impact of Diabetes on Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations.” Diabetes Advocacy. July, 2012. 30(3)

“African Americans and Kidney Disease.” National Kidney Foundation. January, 2016

“Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans 2019-2021.” American Cancer Society. 2019

“Factors contributing to higher incidence of diabetes for black Americans.” NIH. January, 2018

 

(00:12:43)

THERE WAS A STUDY PUBLISHED IN 2017 THAT SHOWED THAT A POOR DIET WAS A DIET THAT WAS HIGH IN PROCESSED MEATS, A DIET THAT’S HIGH IN SODIUM AND A DIET THAT’S HIGH IN SUGAR SWEETENED BEVERAGES. JUST EATING THOSE FOODS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HALF THE DEATHS FROM HEART DISEASE, STROKE, AND DIABETES. AND IN THIS STUDY WHAT EMERGED WAS THAT THERE WERE RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES THERE BECAUSE AMONG BLACKS AND AMONG LATINOS THEIR PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS [...] WAS EVEN HIGHER AS IT RELATES TO POOR DIET

“Association Between Dietary Factors and Mortality From Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States.” JAMA. March, 2017

 

(00:13:17)

JOHNS HOPKINS COMPARED TWO DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN BALTIMORE. ONE COMMUNITY WAS AN AFFLUENT WHITE COMMUNITY AND THE OTHER ONE WAS A LOW INCOME BLACK COMMUNITY. WHAT THEY FOUND WAS THAT THERE WAS A 20 YEAR LIFE EXPECTANCY DIFFERENCE. THE MAIN THING THAT THEY WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT WAS THAT THERE WAS A HUGE DIFFERENCE IN WHAT THEY WERE EATING

“Neighborhood Health Profile Reports.” Baltimore City Health Department. June, 2017*

Specifically a comparison of 2017’s reports on the Clifton-Berea and Cross Country-Cheswolde neighborhoods. 

“The Johns Hopkins Hospital Community Health Needs Assessment.” Johns Hopkins Medicine. 2013

“In Clifton-Berea, convergence of 'every bad thing' leads to lowest life expectancy in Baltimore.” The Baltimore Sun. November, 2017

 

(00:15:16)

FOOD DESERTS DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT AFRICAN AMERICANS AND COMMUNITIES OF COLOR

“Unshared Bounty: How Structural Racism Contributes to the Creation and Persistence of Food Deserts. (with American Civil Liberties Union).” New York Law School Racial Justice Project. June, 2012

Mapping Baltimore City’s Food Environment: 2015 Report. City of Baltimore, et al. June 2015

“Research Shows Food Deserts More Abundant in Minority Neighborhoods” Johns Hopkins Magazine. Spring, 2014

 

(00:15:19)

EVEN WHEN ADJUSTED FOR INCOME, BLACK AND BROWN COMMUNITIES HAVE LESS ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOODS THAN THEIR EQUALLY IMPOVERISHED WHITE COUNTERPARTS

“The Intersection of Neighborhood Racial Segregation, Poverty, and Urbanicity and its Impact on Food Store Availability in the United States.” Preventative Medicine. January, 2014. 58 (33-39)

 

(00:15:26)

ONLY ABOUT 8% OF AFRICAN AMERICANS EVEN LIVE IN COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE A GROCERY STORE IN THEM

“The Contextual Effect of the Local Food Environment on Residents’ Diets: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.” American Journal of Public Health. November, 2002. 92(11)

 

(00:17:59)

IN THE U.S. THERE ARE MORE GUN SHOPS AND GUN DEALERS THAN THERE ARE GROCERY STORES

“There Are 15,000 More Gun Stores In America Than Grocery Stores.” Business Insider. December, 2012

“Map shows where there are more gun stores than Starbucks in USA.” Geospatial World. October, 2017

 

(00:18:08)

IN BALTIMORE, GUN DEALERS ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY LOCATED IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR

“State Federal Firearms Listings - Maryland.” Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms. June, 2020 - (MAP BASED ON ATF DATA)

“Race and Ethnicity in Baltimore, Maryland.” Statistical Atlas. September, 2018

 

(00:18:13)

CITY COUNCILS AND PLANNING COMMISSIONS WILL OFTEN PERMIT MORE LIQUOR STORES IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR THAN THEY WILL IN WHITE COMMUNITIES

“Off-Premises Liquor Stores Targeted to Poor Urban Blacks.” Johns Hopkins University - News Release. June, 2000

“Health risk and inequitable distribution of liquor stores in African American neighborhood.” Social Science & Medicine. August, 2000. 51 (4)

 

(00:18:20-42)

NOT ONLY ARE THERE FEWER GROCERY STORES IN THESE COMMUNITIES, BUT SOME CHAINS ARE ACTUALLY PREVENTING NEW GROCERY STORES FROM OPENING UP EVEN AFTER THEY’VE LEFT A NEIGHBORHOOD THROUGH THE USE OF RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES IN LONG TERM LEASES

“When grocery stores close, this legal phrase can prevent new ones from opening.” Marketplace. January, 2018

“How Closing Grocery Stores Perpetuate Food Deserts Long After They’re Gone.” Fast Company. November, 2017

“How Leaving Stores Closed for Years Helps Grocery Chains and Hurts Communities.” Civil Eats. January, 2018

 

(00:19:31)

WHEN SUPERMARKETS WERE INTRODUCED THERE WERE CODES AND LAWS AND STATUTES THAT WERE PASSED THAT LIMITED THE ABILITY OF PEOPLE TO GROW AND COMMUNALLY SHARE FOOD*

“Without a ‘Right to Garden’ Law, It May Be Illegal to Grow Your Own Food.” Civil Eats. October, 2020

“Local Laws Ban Front Yard Food Gardens in Cities Across the US.” Earth Island Journal. November, 2016 

*While not directly causally related, the emergence of supermarkets coincided with the adoption of restrictive covenants curtailing gardening and community food sharing.

 

(00:21:05)

THE NAVAJO NATION, AN AREA THE SIZE OF WEST VIRGINIA, HAS BARELY A DOZEN GROCERY STORES FOR THE ENTIRE POPULATION

“13 grocery stores: The Navajo Nation is a food desert.” Planet Forward at GW. December, 2019

“Eating Well: Grocery Program Takes Off in the Navajo Nation.” Partners in Health. June, 2018

 

(00:21:34)

THE LATEST STATISTICS SAY THAT 30% OF THE NAVAJO POPULATION HAVE TYPE 2 DIABETES AND THEY’RE TELLING ME NOW IT’S REACHING UP TO 35*

“Navajos Fight Their Food Desert With Junk Food And Soda Taxes.” NPR. April, 2015

“Community Outreach for Navajo People Living with Diabetes: Who Benefits Most.” Preventing Chronic Disease. July, 2020. Vol. 17

*The figure of 30 to 35% regarding the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes may include prediabetes; in which case the prevalence in the Navajo nation is as high 50%.

 

(00:23:01)

THE U.S. GOVERNMENT HAS USED LIMITING ACCESS TO FOOD AS A MEANS OF SUBDUING AND CONTROLLING INDIGENOUS AMERICANS

“American Indian Boarding Schools: An Exploration of Global Ethnic and Cultural Cleansing.” Ziibiwing Center of Anishinabe Culture & Lifeways. 2011

“'Kill Every Buffalo You Can! Every Buffalo Dead Is an Indian Gone'.” The Atlantic. May, 2016

“The People Who Profited Off the Trail of Tears.” The Atlantic. May, 2020

 

(00:24:50)

MOST AMERICANS DON’T UNDERSTAND WHAT IT MEANT TO BE A SLAVE

“SPLC report: U.S. education on American slavery sorely lacking.” Southern Poverty Law Center. January, 2018

“Americans show spotty knowledge about the history of slavery but acknowledge its enduring effects.” The Washington Post. August, 2019

 

(00:30:13)

A STUDY CONDUCTED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SHOWED THAT WHEN BLACK AMERICANS ADOPTED A MORE TRADITIONAL AFRICAN DIET HIGH IN FIBER, FRUITS, VEGETABLES LOW IN FAT WITH LITTLE TO NOT MEAT AFTER ONLY TWO WEEKS THEY STARTED PRODUCING MORE ANTI-CANCER MOLECULES IN THEIR BODIES; PROVEN TO PROTECT AGAINST COLON CANCER IN PARTICULAR. IN THE SAME STUDY WHEN BLACK AFRICANS SWITCHED FROM THEIR TRADITIONAL FOODS TO AN AMERICAN DIET THEIR BODIES PRODUCED MICROBIOTA THAT WERE CANCEROUS

“Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans.” Nature Communications. 2015. 6

“Effects of the intestinal microbial metabolite butyrate on the development of colorectal cancer.” Journal of Cancer. June, 2018. 9 (14)

 

(00:30:42)

AFRICAN AMERICANS SUFFER ALMOST DOUBLE THE RATES OF HYPERTENSION THAN PEOPLE IN WEST AFRICA*

“Hypertension in Blacks.” American Journal of Hypertension. July, 1997. 10 (7)

*This difference has historically been true, but continues to change alongside the westernization of African diets

 

(00:30:46)

AS WESTERN DIETS HAVE BEGUN TO PERVADE THE AFRICAN CONTINENT HYPERTENSION GOES WITH IT

“Blood Pressure: Evolution of blood pressure over time.” NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. 2017

“Status report on hypertension in Africa - Consultative review for the 6th Session of the African Union Conference of Ministers of Health on NCD's.” The Pan African Medical Journal. October, 2013. 16 (38)

“Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants.” Lancet. January, 2017. 389 (10064)

 

(00:31:00)

IF WE LOOK AT PROSTATE CANCER IT IS ABOUT DOUBLE IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN COMPARED TO WHITE MEN. IF YOU LOOK AT COLORECTAL CANCER IT’S HIGHER IN AFRICAN AMERICANS COMPARED TO WHITES, CARDIOVASCULAR DEATHS, SAME STORY. THIS IS NOT DUE TO ANY DIFFERENCE IN GENETIC FACTORS, BECAUSE WHEN WE LOOK IN AFRICA, WE DON’T SEE HIGHER RATES IN BLACKS IN AFRICA. WE DO SEE IT IN THE UNITED STATES. IT’S FOOD.*

“Cancer Facts and Figure for African Americans 2019-2021.” American Cancer Society. 2019

“Diet-related Disparities: Understanding The Problem And Accelerating Solutions.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association. April, 2009. 109 (4)

“Health Disparities in Endocrine Disorders: Biological, Clinical, and Nonclinical Factors—An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. September, 2012. 97 (9)

*As Westernized diets pervade Africa rates of diet-related illness have begun to rise. Historically, lower rates in Africa compared to North America reflect the epigenetic nature of these illnesses. 

 

(00:31:56)

THERE’S A DIRECT CORRELATION WITH THE AMOUNT OF ANIMAL FOOD IN THE DIET AND THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS HEART DISEASE, CANCER, STROKE, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, AND AUTOIMMUNE PROBLEMS

“A plant-based diet and animal protein: questioning dietary fat and considering animal protein as the main cause of heart disease.” Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. May, 2017. 14 (5)

“Red Meat Consumption and the Risk of Stroke: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.” Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. May, 2016. 25 (5)

“Nutrition Interventions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Potential Use of Plant-Based Diets. A Review.” Frontiers in Nutrition. September, 2019. 6:141

“Association of sulfur amino acid consumption with cardiometabolic risk factors: Cross-sectional findings from NHANES III.” EClinicalMagazine - The Lancet. February, 2020. 19 (100248)

“Immunodietica: A data-driven approach to investigate interactions between diet and autoimmune disorders.” Journal of Translational Autoimmunity. April, 2019. 1 (100003)

 

(00:32:07)

A DIET HIGH IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS INCREASES YOUR RISK FOR CANCER

“Consumption of different types of meat and the risk of renal cancer: meta-analysis of case-control studies.” Cancer Causes & Control. January, 2007. 18 (2)

“Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat.” World Health Organization. October, 2015

“Dietary habits and stomach cancer in Mizoram, India.” Journal of Gastroenterology. May, 2006. 41 (5)

“Do Lox and Other Smoked Fish Increase Cancer Risk?” New York Times. July, 2019

 

(00:32:13)

EVEN THE CDC HAS SAID ‘THIS STUFF CAUSES CANCER’

“Consumption of different types of meat and the risk of renal cancer: meta-analysis of case-control studies.” Cancer Causes & Control. January, 2007. 18 (2)

 

(00:32:22)

THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, LOOKING AT OVER 800 STUDIES, FOUND A DIRECT LINK BETWEEN PROCESSED MEAT AND CANCER. IT’S A GROUP 1 CARCINOGEN. ONE HOT DOG A DAY INCREASES YOUR RISK OF DEVELOPING COLORECTAL CANCER BY 18%. TWO SERVINGS OF PROCESSED MEAT A DAY HAVE A SIMILAR IMPACT ON COLORECTAL CANCER RISK AS SMOKING

“Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat.” World Health Organization. October, 2015

“The Association between Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Large Prospective Cohort from the United States.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. December, 2009. 8 (12)

“Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. February, 2009. 7 (6)

 

(00:33:23)

RED MEAT, BEEF, IS RELATED TO CANCER OF THE COLON AND STOMACH. SMOKED FISH IS ALSO RELATED TO CANCER OF THE STOMACH.

“Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat.” World Health Organization. October, 2015

“Dietary habits and stomach cancer in Mizoram, India.” Journal of Gastroenterology. May, 2006. 41 (5)

“Salt and salted food intake and subsequent risk of gastric cancer among middle-aged Japanese men and women.” British Journal of Cancer. January, 2004. 90 (1)

“Do Lox and Other Smoked Fish Increase Cancer Risk?” New York Times. July, 2019

 

(00:33:50)

FOR MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER IDENTIFIED AS HAVING HIGH PROGNOSTIC RISK EATING A LOT OF WHOLE POULTRY CAUSED A FOUR FOLD INCREASE IN THE RISK OF THE DISEASE PROGRESSING
“Intakes of meat, fish, poultry, and eggs and risk of prostate cancer progression.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. March, 2010. 91 (3)

 

(00:33:57)

CHICKEN IS ONE OF THE HIGHEST SOURCES OF SODIUM IN ADULT AMERICAN DIETS, DIRECTLY LINKED TO HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. IT’S ALSO ONE OF THE PRIMARY SOURCES OF DIETARY CHOLESTEROL

“Top 10 Sources of Sodium.” CDC. September, 2017

“Top Food Category Contributors to Sodium and Potassium Intake — United States, 2015–2016.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. August, 2020. 69 (32)

“Dietary Cholesterol Intake and Sources among U.S Adults: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2001–2014.” Nutrients. June, 2018. 10 (6)

 

(00:34:06)

WOMEN WHO EAT LOTS OF CHICKEN HAVE HIGHER RATES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS BECAUSE CHICKEN MEAT IS SO LADEN WITH BACTERIA

“Chicken as Reservoir for Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Humans, Canada.” Emerging Infectious Diseases. March, 2012. 18 (3)

“Retail meat as a potential transmission source of community-acquired urinary tract infection.” IDWeek 2017. October, 2017

“Zoonotic Potential of Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Chicken Meat Products and Eggs.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology. February, 2015. 81 (3)

“Retail Meat Consumption and the Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infections: A Case–Control Study.” Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. November, 2007. 4 (4)

 

(00:34:12)

ACCORDING TO THE FDA 95% OF CHICKEN BREASTS SAMPLED WERE CONTAMINATED WITH FECAL BACTERIA

“2010 Retail Meat Report: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.” Center for Veterinary Medicine - FDA. 2010

“2012 Retail Meat Report: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.” Center for Veterinary Medicine - FDA. 2012

“Consumer Reports: Potentially Harmful Bacteria Found on 97 Percent Of Chicken Breasts Tested.” Consumer Reports. December, 2013

(00:33:23)

RED MEAT, BEEF, IS RELATED TO CANCER OF THE COLON AND STOMACH. SMOKED FISH IS ALSO RELATED TO CANCER OF THE STOMACH.

“Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat.” World Health Organization. October, 2015

“Dietary habits and stomach cancer in Mizoram, India.” Journal of Gastroenterology. May, 2006. 41 (5)

“Salt and salted food intake and subsequent risk of gastric cancer among middle-aged Japanese men and women.” British Journal of Cancer. January, 2004. 90 (1)

“Do Lox and Other Smoked Fish Increase Cancer Risk?” New York Times. July, 2019

 

(00:33:50)

FOR MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER IDENTIFIED AS HAVING HIGH PROGNOSTIC RISK EATING A LOT OF WHOLE POULTRY CAUSED A FOUR FOLD INCREASE IN THE RISK OF THE DISEASE PROGRESSING
“Intakes of meat, fish, poultry, and eggs and risk of prostate cancer progression.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. March, 2010. 91 (3)

 

(00:33:57)

CHICKEN IS ONE OF THE HIGHEST SOURCES OF SODIUM IN ADULT AMERICAN DIETS, DIRECTLY LINKED TO HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. IT’S ALSO ONE OF THE PRIMARY SOURCES OF DIETARY CHOLESTEROL

“Top 10 Sources of Sodium.” CDC. September, 2017

“Top Food Category Contributors to Sodium and Potassium Intake — United States, 2015–2016.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. August, 2020. 69 (32)

“Dietary Cholesterol Intake and Sources among U.S Adults: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2001–2014.” Nutrients. June, 2018. 10 (6)

 

(00:34:06)

WOMEN WHO EAT LOTS OF CHICKEN HAVE HIGHER RATES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS BECAUSE CHICKEN MEAT IS SO LADEN WITH BACTERIA

“Chicken as Reservoir for Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Humans, Canada.” Emerging Infectious Diseases. March, 2012. 18 (3)

“Retail meat as a potential transmission source of community-acquired urinary tract infection.” IDWeek 2017. October, 2017

“Zoonotic Potential of Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Chicken Meat Products and Eggs.” Applied and Environmental Microbiology. February, 2015. 81 (3)

“Retail Meat Consumption and the Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infections: A Case–Control Study.” Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. November, 2007. 4 (4)

 

(00:34:12)

ACCORDING TO THE FDA 95% OF CHICKEN BREASTS SAMPLED WERE CONTAMINATED WITH FECAL BACTERIA

“2010 Retail Meat Report: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.” Center for Veterinary Medicine - FDA. 2010

“2012 Retail Meat Report: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.” Center for Veterinary Medicine - FDA. 2012

“Consumer Reports: Potentially Harmful Bacteria Found on 97 Percent Of Chicken Breasts Tested.” Consumer Reports. December, 2013

 

(00:34:14)

PEOPLE ARE GETTING 93% OF THEIR CALORIES EITHER FROM ANIMAL FOODS (MEAT, FISH, FOWL, EGGS, AND DAIRY PRODUCTS) OR PLEASURE TRAP CHEMICALS THAT ARE ADDED TO FOODS; THINGS LIKE OIL, SALT, AND SUGAR. TO STIMULATE THE DOPAMINE CASCADE OF OUR BRAIN AND LEAD US TO OVEREAT

“The Hidden Dangers of Fast and Processed Food.” American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. September/October, 2018. 12 (5) - Unprocessed vegetable and fruit consumption could be as low as 5% in the Standard American Diet (SAD). 

“Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study.” BMJ Open. 2016. 6 - Ultra-processed foods constituted 57.9% of calories in the SAD.

 

(00:35:30)

 INFLAMMATION IS A ROOT CAUSE OF MOST CHRONIC DISEASES

“The inflammation theory of disease.” EMBO Reports. November, 2012. 13 (11)

“Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span.” Nature Medicine. 25

 

(00:36:47)

ADDED SUGARS IN FOOD CAN HAVE A SIMILAR EFFECT ON THE BRAIN TO SOME ADDICTIVE DRUGS.

“Is Sugar Addictive?” Diabetes. July, 2016. 65 (7)

“Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2008. 32 (1)

 

(00:36:58)

HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP FUNCTIONS DIFFERENTLY THAN SOME OTHER FORMS OF SUGAR

“High fructose corn syrup induces metabolic dysregulation and altered dopamine signaling in the absence of obesity.” PLoS One. December, 2017. 12 (12)

“Sugar consumption, metabolic disease and obesity: The state of the controversy.” Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. February, 2016. 53 (1)

 

(00:37:25)

$5,186,000,000 IN U.S. GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES FOR CORN IN 2017

“Corn Subsidies in the United States totaled $116.6 billion from 1995-2020.” EWG Farm Subsidy Database. June, 2020

 

(00:37:45)

FARM ANIMALS EAT THE MAJORITY OF CORN GROWN IN THE U.S.

“Feedgrains Sector at a Glance.” USDA Economic Research Service. October, 2020

 

(00:37:53)

THE MEAT AND DAIRY INDUSTRY RECEIVED 38 BILLION DOLLARS TO PROP IT UP AND KEEP UNHEALTHY FOODS CHEAP

“Removing the Meat Subsidy: Our Cognitive Dissonance Around Animal Agriculture.” Journal of International Affairs. February, 2020

Simon, David Robinson. Meatonomics. Berkeley, California. Conari Press, 2013


 

(00:38:00)

THE GOVERNMENT SPENDS MORE ON MEAT AND DAIRY SUBSIDIES THAN THE ENTIRE SPENDING FOR ALL SECTION 8 HOUSING VOUCHERS

“Imbalance in Housing Aid.” Apartment List. October, 2017

“Budget Authority by Program.” HUD. October, 2016

 

(00:38:04)

ONLY 11% OF LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS RECEIVE FEDERAL HOUSING ASSISTANCE

“Imbalance in Housing Aid.” Apartment List. October, 2017

 

(00:38:09)

38% OF FARMS RECEIVE FEDERAL SUBSIDIES

“Reforming Federal Farm Policies.” Cato Institute. April, 2018

 

(00:38:14)

IF YOU TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION ALL THE EXTERNALIZED COSTS OF THE MEAT AND DAIRY INDUSTRY THAT ARE IMPOSED ON SOCIETY, A 4 DOLLAR BIG MAC WOULD ACTUALLY COST 11 DOLLARS*

“Removing the Meat Subsidy: Our Cognitive Dissonance Around Animal Agriculture.” Journal of International Affairs. February, 2020

Simon, David Robinson. Meatonomics. Berkeley, California. Conari Press, 2013

“Lawyer Explains How Meat And Dairy Industries Cost U.S Taxpayer $414 Billion A Year.” Plant Based News. August, 2020

*More recent estimates of externalities of the Big Mac put the actual cost closer to $13, compared to the $5 price charged to consumers.

 

(00:39:06)

OVER THE LAST 30 YEARS, THE MEAT, DAIRY AND EGG INDUSTRIES HAVE GIVEN OVER $134 MILLION DOLLARS TO U.S. CONGRESSMEN*

“Agribusiness: Long-Term Contribution Trends.” OpenSecrets.org. October, 2020

*Combining the contribution from meat, dairy, egg, and livestock sectors the amount of spent on gaining congressional influence may be as high as $176m.

 

(00:38:02 - 12-19-20 Edit)

THE USDA AND HHS’S FEDERAL DIETARY GUIDELINES ARE HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY LOBBYISTS AND APPOINTEES WITH CONNECTIONS TO AMERICA’S LARGEST FOOD CONGLOMERATES

“The Snack Food and Corn Syrup Lobbyist Shaping Trump's Dietary Guidelines for Americans.” POGO. August, 2018

“Experts Say Lobbying Skewed the U.S. Dietary Guidelines.” Time. October, 2016

“Food and soft drink industry has too much influence over US dietary guidelines, report says.” BMJ. April 2020. 369

 

(00:41:15)

EVERY MORNING NEW YORK CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS FEED PROVIDE 980,000 CHILDREN WITH MEALS THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO CHILDHOOD DIABETES, ASTHMA,  AND OBESITY

“DOE Data at a Glance.” NYC Department of Education. 2020

“Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of wheezing and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Nutrition Reviews. July, 2014. 72 (7)

“Do School Lunches Contribute to Childhood Obesity?” The Journal of Human Resources. 2009. 44 (3)

 

(00:42:11)

SNAP PARTICIPANTS ARE WORSE OFF IN TERMS OF DIET RELATED DISEASE. IF YOU’RE ON SNAP YOU’RE MORE LIKELY TO BE OBESE AND SUFFER AND DIE FROM ALMOST EVERY SINGLE DIET RELATED DISEASE

“Low-income Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation is related to adiposity and metabolic risk factors.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. January, 2012. 95 (1)

“Cardiometabolic Mortality by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Eligibility in the United States.” American Journal of Public Health. March, 2017. 107

“Trends and Disparities in Diet Quality Among US Adults by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation Status.” JAMA Network Open. June, 2018. 1(2)

 

(00:42:23)

80 BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR, IS WHAT THE SNAP BUDGET IS*

“SNAP Data Tables.” USDA Food and Nutrition Service. August, 2020

*The SNAP budget was slightly under $80 billion in 2013, but has been reduced every year down to $60 billion in 2016.

 

(00:42:28)

THE MAJORITY OF SNAP MONEY IS GOING TO BUY ANIMAL PRODUCTS OR JUNK FOOD

“Foods Typically Purchased by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Households (Summary).” USDA. November, 2016

 

(00:42:42)

YUM! BRANDS, WHICH OWNS TACO BELL AND PIZZA HUT AND SOME OTHER FAST FOOD CHAINS, HAS PROMOTED FLEXIBILITY WITH SNAP. THIS WOULD ENABLE RECIPIENTS TO USE SNAP DOLLARS AT FAST FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS.

“Yum Brands Says It Won’t Expand Food Stamp Use at KFC, Taco Bell.” Bloomberg. November, 2011

 

(00:43:20)

THE LARGEST LOBBYISTS AGAINST IMPROVING SNAP FOR THE PARTICIPANTS’ NUTRITION ARE COMPANIES LIKE KRAFT AND COCA-COLA

“Soft Drink Industry Fights Proposed Food Stamp Ban.” New York Times. April, 2011

“Food Stamps: Follow the Money.” Simon, Michele - Eat Drink Politics. June, 2012

 

(00:43:49)

WHEN HEALTH ADVOCATES URGED THE GOVERNMENT TO INCLUDE MORE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN THE WIC PACKAGE THE MEAT AND DAIRY INDUSTRY ACTUALLY LOBBIED AGAINST IT. PREVENTING LOW INCOME MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN ACCESS TO MORE HEALTHY FOODS

"Dairy and Produce Industries Square Off Over WIC Program Guidelines." CQ Weekly - Agriculture. December, 2002. pp. 3266-67

 

(00:46:29)

PEOPLE ARE GETTING ACCESS TO HIGHLY BEATED HEATED TREATED PROCESSED FOODS AND IT STIMULATES THEIR DOPAMINE CASCADE AND ESSENTIALLY SETS UP ALMOST A SIMILAR SITUATION THAT YOU SEE IN ADDICTION

“Subjective experiences of highly processed food consumption in individuals with food addiction.” Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. March, 2019. 33 (2)

“Eating ‘Junk-Food’ Produces Rapid and Long-Lasting Increases in NAc CP-AMPA Receptors: Implications for Enhanced Cue-Induced Motivation and Food Addiction.” Neuropsychopharmacology. July, 2016. (41)

“Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction.” New England Journal of Medicine. January, 2016. 374

“The Addiction Potential of Hyperpalatable Foods.” Current Drug Abuse Reviews. 2011. 4

 

(00:47:22)

THERE ARE NOW 14,000 CRACK AND COCAINE OVERDOSE DEATHS IN THE U.S. PER YEAR, THAT’S NOT EVEN 1/40TH OF THE DEATHS FROM JUST HEART DISEASE

“Overdose Death Rates.” CDC - National Institute on Drug Abuse. March, 2020

 

(00:47:30)

600,000 PEOPLE DIE FROM HEART DISEASE EVERY YEAR*

“Heart Disease Facts.” CDC. September, 2020

*The figure is actually closer to 655,000 people every year, according to the CDC.

 

(00:49:05)

POPEYES IS WHITE FOUNDED, WHITE OWNED, AND WHITE MANAGED*

“Why Popeyes markets its chicken sandwich to African Americans.” The Washington Post. November, 2019

“Felipe Athayde - President & CEO at Regis Corporation.” LinkedIn. 2020

*At the time of filming this documentary.

 

(00:49:18)

CHURCH’S CHICKEN IS ALSO WHITE FOUNDED, WHITE OWNED, AND RUN

“The Executive Team.” Church’s Chicken. 2020

“Bill Church Jr. expanded Church's into an extensive fast-food chain.” San Antonio Express-News. February, 2014

 

(00:49:27)

KFC IS OWNED BY YUM! BRAND, IS AGAIN PREDOMINANTLY WHITE OWNED AND OPERATED

https://web.archive.org/web/20191101213223/https://www.yum.com/wps/portal/yumbrands/Yumbrands/company/about-yum-brands/senior-officers-and-leadership-team/ - July 2019 version of Yum Brands senior staff still shows two non-white senior officers. 

 

(00:50:54)

THE WAY THAT WE EAT CAN HAVE A DIRECT IMPACT ON OUR MENTAL FUNCTION

“Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience. July, 2008. 9 (7)

“Nutritional psychiatry: Your brain on food.” Harvard Health Blog. November, 2015

Food for thought: how nutrition impacts cognition and emotion.” NPJ Science of Food. December, 2017

 

(00:52:47)

PEOPLE WHO EAT MEAT HAVE HIGHER LEVELS OF THE STRESS HORMONE CORTISOL IN THEIR BLOOD. ACCORDING TO ONE STUDY, EATING MEAT INCREASES STRESS HORMONE LEVELS HIGHER THAN THE STRESS OF LOSING A SPOUSE

“Meat Can Cause Stress Hormone Levels to Rise and Testosterone Levels to Drop.” NutritionFacts.org. June, 2019

“Diet-hormone interactions: protein/carbohydrate ratio alters reciprocally the plasma levels of testosterone and cortisol and their respective binding globulins in man.” Life Sciences. May, 1987. 40 (18)

“Prospective study of early bereavement on psychological and behavioural cardiac risk factors.” Internal Medicine Journal. June, 2009. 39 (6)

“Maternal consumption of a high-meat, low-carbohydrate diet in late pregnancy: relation to adult cortisol concentrations in the offspring.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. August, 2003. 88(8)

 

(00:54:27)

HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES LIKE LANDFILLS, INCINERATORS, AND INDUSTRIAL FACTORIES ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY LOCATED IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR

“Pollution Is Killing Black Americans. This Community Fought Back.” New York Times Magazine. July, 2020

“Which came first, people or pollution? Assessing the disparate siting and post-siting demographic change hypotheses of environmental injustice.” Environmental Research Letters. November, 2015. 10 (11)

“Nearly 80% of US incinerators located in marginalized communities, report reveals.” WasteDive. May, 2019

 

(00:54:38)

AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE 3 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM POLLUTION*

“Trump's EPA Concludes Environmental Racism Is Real.” The Atlantic. February, 2018

“Air Pollution and Mortality in the Medicare Population.” New England Journal of Medicine. June, 2017. 376

*When looking at mortality from exposure to PM2.5 pollutants

 

(00:54:44)

AMERICANS OF COLOR EXPERIENCE 63% MORE POLLUTION THAN THEY PRODUCE

“Blacks, Hispanics breathe more pollution than they make.” AP News. March, 2019

“Inequity in consumption of goods and services adds to racial–ethnic disparities in air pollution exposure.” PNAS. March, 2019. 116 (13)

 

(00:55:00)

ANIMALS IN CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS (CAFOs) PRODUCE 44 TIMES MORE WASTE THAN HUMANS AND VIRTUALLY NONE OF IT IS TREATED - 335 MILLION TONS TO 7.6 MILLION TONS*

“Managing waste from confined animal feeding operations in the United States: the need for sanitary reform.” Journal of Water and Health. June, 2010. 8 (4)

“Bovines and Global Warming: How the Cows are Heating Things Up and What Can be Done to Cool Them Down.” William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review. April, 2005. 29 (3)

*All farm animals in the USA, both in and out of CAFOs, produce as much as two billion tons of manure annually.

 

(00:55:03)

NORTH CAROLINA’S PIGS ALONE PRODUCE THE WASTE EQUIVALENT OF 60,000,000 PEOPLE. ENOUGH FECES AND URINE TO FILL 15,000 OLYMPIC SWIMMING POOLS EVERY YEAR - 660,000 GALLONS PER POOL*

“Water, air issues heighten clashes over huge pig farms.” The Seattle Times. February, 2015

“Will Hurricane Florence Flood N.C. Factory Farms and Manure Pits?” Environmental Working Group. September, 2018

*North Carolina’s pigs may actually produce waste equivalent to 100,000,000 people.

 

(00:55:34)

PIG FARMS ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY LOCATED IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR

“Environmental injustice in North Carolina's hog industry.” Environmental Health Perspectives. March, 2000. 108 (3)

“Industrial Hog Operations in North Carolina Disproportionately Impact African-Americans, Hispanics and American Indians.” Wing, Steve and Johnston, Jill - UNC Department of Epidemiology. August, 2014

“Permitting racial injustice in North Carolina hog country.” Facing South. April, 2019

 

(00:56:23)

THERE ARE ALMOST 10,000,000 PIGS IN THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, MORE PIGS THAN PEOPLE*

“The North Carolina Hog Industry: How an Environmental Problem can Become a Solution.” Duke University - Nicholas School of the Environment Blog. June, 2020

“Hog Farming in Eastern North Carolina.” Southeastern Geographer. May, 2001. 41 (1)

“North Carolina Population by Age, 1990-1999.” North Carolina Office of State Budget and Management. July, 1999

*Currently humans narrowly outnumber pigs in the state of North Carolina, but in the 1990’s and 2000’s pigs did significantly outnumber humans.

 

(00:57:24)

IF YOU ARE AFRICAN AMERICAN IN NORTH CAROLINA YOU’RE ALMOST TWICE AS LIKELY AS A WHITE PERSON TO LIVE WITHIN THREE MILES OF A SWINE CAFO. IF YOU’RE NATIVE AMERICAN YOU’RE MORE THAN TWO TIMES AS LIKELY

“Mortality and Health Outcomes in North Carolina Communities Located in Close Proximity to Hog Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations.” North Carolina Medical Journal. September, 2018. 79 (5)

“Industrial Hog Operations in North Carolina Disproportionately Impact African-Americans, Hispanics and American Indians.” UNC Department of Epidemiology. August, 2014

 

(00:59:11)

RAISING ANIMALS FOR FOOD IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE, DEFORESTATION. WATER POLLUTION, AND SPECIES EXTINCTION AROUND THE WORLD

“A Leading Cause of Everything: One Industry That Is Destroying Our Planet and Our Ability to Thrive on It.” Hyner, Christopher - Georgetown Environmental Law Review. October, 2015

“Study claims meat creates half of all greenhouse gases.” The Independent. November, 2009

“How humans are driving the sixth mass extinction.” The Guardian. October, 2015

“Meat And Agriculture Are Worse For The Climate Than Power Generation, Steven Chu Says.” Forbes. April, 2019

Further viewing on animal agriculture’s devastating impact on our world: Cowspiracy

 

(01:01:28)

97% OF PIGS ARE RAISED IN FACTORY FARM CONDITIONS

“Inside the factory farm, where 97% of U.S. pigs are raised.” The Splendid Table. May, 2015

 

(01:03:20)

SLAUGHTERHOUSE WORKERS ARE OFTEN UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS WHO ARE VULNERABLE TO POOR TREATMENT AND POOR WAGES. THEY HAVE LITTLE RECOURSE TO REPORT WRONGDOING IN THEIR WORKPLACES AND ARE MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP MENTAL ILLNESSES

“The price of cheap meat? Raided slaughterhouses and upended communities.” The Washington Post. April, 2018.

“Refugees Make Your Dinner. Literally.” MotherJones. January, 2017

“A Call to Action: Psychological Harm in Slaughterhouse Workers.” The Yale Global Health Review. January, 2016

“No Relief: Denial Of Bathroom Breaks In The Poultry Industry.” Oxfam America. 2016

“A Different Cut? Comparing Attitudes toward Animals and Propensity for Aggression within Two Primary Industry Cohorts—Farmers and Meatworkers.” Society & Animals. January, 2013. 21 (4)

 

(01:04:11)

SLAUGHTERHOUSES AND MEAT-PROCESSING FACILITIES USE IMPRISONED PEOPLE AS LABOR. PEOPLE SERVING TIME FOR NON-VIOLENT CRIMES CAN BE FORCED TO VIOLENTLY KILL, BUTCHER, AND DISMEMBER HUNDREDS OF ANIMALS A DAY.

“Prison Labor on the ‘Kill Line’.” The Nation. August, 2018

 

(01:05:03)

INCARCERATED PEOPLES’ LABOR HAS BEEN USED TO MAKE MILITARY UNIFORMS, BODY ARMOR FOR COMBAT, POLICE UNIFORMS, AND MCDONALD’S UNIFORMS.

 

“Military Turns To Prison Labor For $100 Million In Uniforms — At $2-Per-Hour Wages.” Huffington Post. December, 2013

“Slavery in the US prison system.” Al Jazeera. September, 2017

 

(01:05:12)

AFRICAN-AMERICANS ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY CHARGED, CONVICTED, AND SENTENCED TO MORE SEVERE PUNISHMENTS THAN THEIR WHITE COUNTERPARTS FOR THE SAME EXACT CRIMES FILLING PRIVATE BUSINESS DISGUISED AS PRISONS WITH PREDOMINANTLY PEOPLE OF COLOR.

“Demographic Differences in Sentencing: An Update to the 2012 Booker Report.” United States Sentencing Commission. November, 2017

“Racial Disparity in Federal Criminal Sentences.” Journal of Political Economy. 2014. 122 (6)

“Black People Are Charged at a Higher Rate Than Whites. What if Prosecutors Didn’t Know Their Race?” New York Times. June, 2019.

 

(01:05:44)

FACTORY FARMERS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE INFECTED WITH RESPIRATORY AND IMMUNE COMPROMISING ILLNESSES THAT CAN SPREAD TO THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY

“Understanding Concentrated environmental health Animal Feeding Operations and Their Impact on Communities.” National Association of Local Boards of Health. 2010

“Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities ― United States, April–May 2020.” CDC - Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. April-May, 2020. 69 (27)

 

(01:06:12)

CLOSE TO 80% OF ALL ANTIBIOTICS SOLD IN THE US ARE FED TO FARM ANIMALS

“Antibiotics Overuse in Animal Agriculture: A Call to Action for Health Care Providers.” The American Journal of Public Health. December, 2015. 105 (12)

 

(01:04:02 - 12-19-20 Edit)

THE 2009 SWINE FLU PANDEMIC THAT KILLED OVER 500,000 PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD ORIGINATED ON A PIG FARM IN NORTH CAROLINA

“Swine flu genes traced to North Carolina factory farm.” Facing South. May, 2009

“H1N1 Swine Flu May Have Killed 15 Times More Than First Said.” ABC News. June, 2012

 

(01:06:41)

AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE MORE THAN 3.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM COVID-19 THAN WHITE AMERICANS*

*At the time of the recording of the film.

“Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Population-Level Covid-19 Mortality.” Journal of General Internal Medicine. August, 2020. 35

“US blacks 3 times more likely than whites to get COVID-19.” CIDRAP News. August, 2020

“The Covid Death Rate in Majority-Black Counties Is Getting Worse.” Bloomberg. July, 2020

 

(01:06:49)

INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES ARE BEING PARTICULARLY HARD HIT. AT THE TIME OF MAKING THIS FILM HALF OF ALL COVID-19 DEATHS IN NEW MEXICO WERE NATIVE PEOPLE

“Native Americans make up 50% of COVID-19 deaths in New Mexico.” New Mexico In Depth. May, 2020


 

(01:08:22)

DAIRY IS LINKED TO QUITE A FEW HEALTH HARMS INCLUDING HEART DISEASE, STROKE, A VARIETY OF CANCERS. AND IT’S LINKED TO AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AS WELL AS A LOT OF GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS, LIKE GAS OR BLOATING FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE, WHAT WE USED TO CALL, LACTOSE INTOLERANT

“Dairy fat and risk of cardiovascular disease in 3 cohorts of US adults.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. November, 2016. 104 (5)

“Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer: those confounded milks.” International Journal of Epidemiology. February, 2020

“Dairy Product Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk in the United States.” Nutrients. July, 2019. 11 (7)

“Prospective Studies of Dairy Product and Calcium Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute. October, 2005. 97 (23)

“Dairy Foods and Risk of Stroke.” Epidemiology. May, 2009. 20 (3)

“Mucosal reactivity to cow's milk protein in coeliac disease.” Clinical and Experimental Immunology. March, 2007. 147 (3)

“A Potential Link between Environmental Triggers and Autoimmunity.” Autoimmune Diseases. February, 2014

“Bovine Milk Proteins as a Trigger for Autoimmune Diseases: Myth or Reality?” International Journal of Celiac Disease. 2020. 8 (1)

 

(01:08:39)

PRIOR TO THE MID 1960’S PEOPLE THOUGHT THAT LACTOSE INTOLERANCE WAS A DISEASE, AND IN 1966 RESEARCHERS WENT TO THE MARYLAND HOUSE OF CORRECTIONS AND THEY TESTED WHITE PRISONERS AND BLACK PRISONERS. AND WHAT THEY FOUND WAS THAT IN THE WHITES LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, VERY RARE, IN THE BLACK PRISONERS, VERY COMMON.

“A Racial Difference in Incidence of Lactase Deficiency: A Survey of Milk Intolerance and Lactase Deficiency in Healthy Adult Males.” JAMA. September, 1966. 197 (12)

 

(01:09:44)

AFRICAN AMERICANS BEING 75-80% LACTOSE INTOLERANT. EAST ASIANS SOMEWHERE AROUND 90%, INDIGENOUS AMERICANS EVEN HIGHER UP TO 95%

“The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. October, 1988. 48(4)

“Health Concerns About Dairy.” Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. 2020

 

(01:10:34)

DAIRY FOODS HAVE NEVER BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE BONE HEALTH. IN FACT, IN THE HARVARD NURSES HEALTH STUDY THE WOMEN WHO CONSUMED THE MOST DAIRY PRODUCTS HAD THE HIGHEST RISK FOR HIP FRACTURE

“Calcium, vitamin D, milk consumption, and hip fractures: a prospective study among postmenopausal women.”  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. February, 2003. 77 (2)

“Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: a 12-year prospective study.” American Journal of Public Health. June, 1997. 87 (6)

“Milk consumption during teenage years and risk of hip fractures in older adults.” JAMA Pediatrics. January, 2014. 168 (1)

 

(01:10:49)

WE KNOW THAT DAIRY IS A HIGH RISK FACTOR IN PROSTATE CANCER FOR INSTANCE. IT’S ALSO THE NUMBER ONE SOURCE OF SATURATED FAT IN THE AMERICAN DIET, WHICH IS OF COURSE A STRONG STRONG RISK FACTOR FOR HEART DISEASE

“Risk factors for prostate cancer.” Canadian Cancer Society. 2020

“Prospective Studies of Dairy Product and Calcium Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute. October, 2005. 97 (23)

“Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients among Adults in the US: NHANES 2003–2006.” Nutrients. December, 2012. 4 (12)

“Dairy Product Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk in the United States.” Nutrients. July, 2019. 11 (7)

 

(01:11:04)

DAIRY FOODS ARE VERY HIGH IN EXOGENOUS ESTROGEN, IT ATTACHES TO HORMONE RECEPTORS IN THE BODY. THOSE HORMONES ATTACH TO THOSE TISSUES AND MAKES THINGS GROW

“Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer: those confounded milks.” International Journal of Epidemiology. February, 2020

“Exposure to exogenous estrogen through intake of commercial milk produced from pregnant cows.” Pediatrics International. February, 2010. 52 (1)

 

(01:11:27)

THE PROTEINS IN MILK ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH AGGRAVATING MANY OF THE INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS AND ALLERGIC CONDITIONS, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, DIABETES, AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS LIKE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ULCERATIVE COLITIS, ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, ASTHMA, ECZEMA PSORIASIS AS WELL AS SOME FORMS OF CANCER INCLUDING LYMPHOMA

“Mucosal reactivity to cow's milk protein in coeliac disease.” Clinical and Experimental Immunology. March, 2007. 147 (3)

“A Potential Link between Environmental Triggers and Autoimmunity.” Autoimmune Diseases. February, 2014

“Bovine Milk Proteins as a Trigger for Autoimmune Diseases: Myth or Reality?” International Journal of Celiac Disease. 2020. 8 (1)

“Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis.” Nutrients. February, 2016. 8 (3)

 

(01:12:00)

FEDERAL LAW SAYS PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE NOT NOT ALLOWED TO OFFER A STUDENT AN ALTERNATIVE, UNLESS THE STUDENT BRINGS A NOTE FROM A PARENT OR PHYSICIAN

“Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act.” United States Congress. Approved June 4, 1946. Amended December 20, 2019

 

(01:14:07)

BLACK BABIES HAVE TWO TIMES THE MORTALITY RATE OF WHITE BABIES

“Infant Mortality and African Americans.

 

(01:14:10)

BLACK WOMEN ARE UP TO FOUR TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE DURING PREGNANCY OR CHILDBIRTH

“Why are black women at such high risk of dying from pregnancy complications?” American Heart Association News. February, 2019

“Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System.” CDC - Reproductive Health. November, 2020

“Alarming Racial Differences in Maternal Mortality.” The Journal of Perinatal Education. Spring, 2000. 9 (2)

 

(01:14:16)

BLACK NEWBORNS ARE THREE TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE WHEN CARED FOR BY WHITE DOCTORS THAN WHEN CARED FOR BY BLACK DOCTORS. BY CONTRAST, THE MORTALITY OF WHITE BABIES IS LARGELY UNAFFECTED BY THE DOCTORS RACE

“Black newborns more likely to die when looked after by White doctors.” CNN. August, 2020

“Physician–patient racial concordance and disparities in birthing mortality for newborns.” PNAS. September, 2020. 117 (35)

 

(01:16:03)

TODAY, HALF THE AMERICAN POPULATION IS EITHER DIABETIC OR PREDIABETIC*

“Half of US Adults Have Diabetes or PreDiabetes.” American Institute for Cancer Research. September, 2015

*Half of the American adult population.

 

(01:16:28)

AN EXCESSIVELY HIGH FAT DIET CAN CONTRIBUTE TO INSULIN RESISTANCE

“Dietary Fat and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes.” Diabetes Care. March, 2002. 25 (3)

 

(01:16:32)

CHEESE AND DAIRY PRODUCTS ARE THE NUMBER ONE SOURCE OF SATURATED FATS THAT DRIVE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS UP. MEAT IS THE NUMBER TWO SOURCE OF SATURATED FAT

“Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients among Adults in the US: NHANES 2003–2006.” Nutrients. December, 2012. 4 (12)

 

(01:16:40)

ANIMAL PROTEIN AND ANIMAL FAT CONSUMPTION DECREASES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSULIN

“Animal-Protein Intake Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) Calibration Substudy Participants: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.” Current Developments in Nutrition. April, 2017. 1 (4)

“Saturated Fat Is More Metabolically Harmful for the Human Liver Than Unsaturated Fat or Simple Sugars.” Diabetes Care. August, 2018. 41 (8)

 

(01:17:24)

ONE OUT OF THREE PEOPLE IS SUPPOSED TO HAVE DIABETES IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS*

“Number of Americans with Diabetes Projected to Double or Triple by 2050.” CDC Newsroom. October, 2010

“Diabetes 2030: Insights from Yesterday, Today, and Future Trends.” Population Health Management. February, 2017. 20 (1)

*Diabetes is projected to rise significantly in the next decade, but it will take another 20 years at current trends to affect 1 in 3.

 

(01:17:30)

AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO END UP BLIND OR VISUALLY IMPAIRED DUE TO DIABETES

“Diabetic Retinopathy in African Americans: Vision Impairment, Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors.” International Ophthalmology Clinics. October, 2003. 43 (4)

 

(01:17:34)

AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE 2.3 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO LOSE A LOWER LIMB TO DIABETES THAN THEIR WHITE COUNTERPARTS

“Diabetes and African Americans.” HHS - Office of Minority Health. December, 2019

 

(01:17:38)

AND 3.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO END UP ON DIALYSIS THAN WHITES BECAUSE OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS

“Diabetes and African Americans.” HHS - Office of Minority Health. December, 2019

 

(01:17:44)

ONCE YOU END UP WITH A LEG AMPUTATION OR KIDNEY FAILURE OR HEART DISEASE FROM YOUR DIABETES YOU’RE GOING TO LOSE AN AVERAGE OF 17 YEARS OF LIFE

“Factors affecting lifespan following below-knee amputation in diabetic patients.” Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica.October, 2017. 51 (5)

“Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity With Mortality.” JAMA. July, 2015. 314 (1)

“Abysmal prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes entering dialysis.” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. January, 1999. 14 (1) 

 

(01:18:36)

EATING JUST ONE SERVING OF PROCESSED MEAT A DAY INCREASES YOUR RISK OF DEVELOPING TYPE 2 DIABETES BY 51%. NO OTHER FOOD COMES EVEN CLOSE TO THAT

“Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. October, 2011. 94 (4)

“Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes.” Diabetes Care. November, 2010. 33 (11)

“Prospective Study of Dietary Carbohydrates, Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-aged Chinese Women.” Archives of Internal Medicine. November, 2007. 167 (21)

 

(01:18:45)

DR. NEAL BARNARD AND COLLEAGUES CONDUCTED MULTIPLE PEER REVIEWED REPLICATED STUDIES SHOWING THAT WHEN PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM TYPE 2 DIABETES REMOVE ANIMAL PRODUCTS FROM THEIR DIET AND REPLACE THEM WITH WHOLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES THEY WERE ABLE TO REVERSE THE DISEASE

“A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. May, 2009. 89 (5)

“A low-fat vegan diet elicits greater macronutrient changes, but is comparable in adherence and acceptability, compared with a more conventional diabetes diet among individuals with type 2 diabetes.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association. February, 2009. 109 (2)

“Effects of a Plant-Based High-Carbohydrate/High-Fiber Diet Versus High–Monounsaturated Fat/Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Postprandial Lipids in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.” Diabetes Care. September, 2009. 32 (12)

“Vegetarian and vegan diets in type 2 diabetes management.” Nutrition Reviews. May, 2009. 67 (5)

 

(01:19:01)

WHEN YOU GO ON A WHOLE FOODS PLANT BASED DIET YOUR BODY BECOMES MORE INSULIN SENSITIVE. YOU CAN REVERSE TYPE 2 DIABETES. YOU NEED LESS AND LESS INSULIN OR OTHER DRUGS AND UNDER YOUR DOCTOR’S SUPERVISION MOST PEOPLE CAN REDUCE AND ULTIMATELY GET OFF INSULIN ALL TOGETHER

“Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. February, 2005. 59 (2)

“Vegetarians have a lower fasting insulin level and higher insulin sensitivity than matched omnivores: A cross-sectional study.” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. May, 2019. 29 (5)

“A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.” Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. May, 2017. 14 (5)

“A Plant-Based Dietary Intervention Improves Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Adults: A 16-Week Randomized Clinical Trial.” Nutrients. February, 2018. 10 (2)

 

(01:19:16)

ABOUT 80% OF OUR TYPE 2 DIABETICS WILL BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE NORMAL BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS WITHOUT THE USE OF MEDICATION

 

(01:21:15)

THE MAJORITY OF PEOPLE BY THE TIME THEY REACH 65 HAVE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

“Hypertension Prevalence and Control Among Adults: United States, 2015–2016.” National Center for Health Statistics - CDC. October, 2017

 

(01:21:31)

IN A TWO YEAR STUDY OF 1800 PATIENTS AT A RURAL KENYAN HOSPITAL, DOCTORS FOUND NO CASES OF HEART DISEASE OR EXAMPLES OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

“Blood Pressure in the African Native. Its Bearing upon the Aetiology of Hyperpiesia and Arterio-Sclerosis.” The Lancet (British Version). 1929. 213 (5497)

 

(01:21:23)

RESEARCHERS TOOK PEOPLE WITH HEART DISEASE AND PUT THEM ON THE KIND OF PLANT BASED DIET FOLLOWED BY POPULATIONS THAT DID NOT GET EPIDEMIC HEART DISEASE. AS SOON AS THESE PEOPLE STOPPED EATING ARTERY CLOGGING DIETS THEIR BODIES WERE ABLE TO START DISSOLVING SOME OF THAT PLAQUE AWAY, OPENING UP ARTERIES, WITHOUT DRUGS, WITHOUT SURGERY

“Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease.” JAMA. December, 1998. 280 (23)

“A plant-based diet and coronary artery disease: a mandate for effective therapy.” Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. May, 2017. 14 (5)

“Resolving the Coronary Artery Disease Epidemic Through Plant‐Based Nutrition.” Preventative Cardiology. June, 2007. 4 (4)

“Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease?: The Lifestyle Heart Trial.” The Lancet. July, 1990. 336 (8708)

 

(01:22:26)

A PLANT-BASED DIET CAN BE EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING, ARRESTING, OR REVERSING OTHER LEADING KILLERS LIKE TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

“Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes.” Current Diabetes Reports. September, 2018. 18 (11)

“A plant-based diet and hypertension.” Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. May, 2017. 14 (5)

 

(01:23:21)

NUTRITION IS NOT EMPHASIZED AT ALL IN MEDICAL TRAINING

“Status of nutrition education in medical schools.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. April, 2006. 83 (4)

“Doctors need more nutrition education.” Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - News. May, 2017

 

(01:23:29)

IF YOU LOOK AT HOW DOCTORS GET THEIR INFORMATION, IT IS THROUGH CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) ALMOST ALL OF WHICH IS BANKROLLED BY THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

“Industry-Funded Continuing Medical Education: The Potential for Bias.” Pain Medicine. July, 2015. 16 (7)

“Is continuing medical education a drug-promotion tool? YES.” Canadian Family Physician. October, 2007. 53 (10)

 

(01:23:51)

IF YOU LOOK AT MOST OF THE SALES OF THINGS THAT GO ACROSS THE CASH REGISTER AT THE DRUG STORE IT’S FOR THINGS THAT ARE NOT DESIGNED TO CURE THE DISEASE. THEY’RE DESIGNED TO MANAGE IT

“The Top 200 Drugs of 2021.” ClinCalc Drug Stats Database. 2020

 

(01:24:29)

THE US CONSUMES ALMOST HALF THE WORLD’S PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS, YET 39, 40 OTHER COUNTRIES LIVE LONGER THAN US*

“Distribution of the total global pharmaceutical market sales from 2014 to 2019, by submarket.” Statista.com. March, 2020

“Life Expectancy of the World Population.” Worldometers.info. 2020

*The US makes up almost half of the world pharmaceutical market by sales revenue, not number of transactions

 

(01:25:50)

THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY SPENDS MORE MONEY ON LOBBYING THE GOVERNMENT THAN ANY OTHER INDUSTRY

“Influence and Lobbying - Industries 2019.” OpenSecrets.Org. October, 2020

 

(01:25:55)

IN 2018, OUT OF 535 US REPRESENTATIVES ONLY 21 DID NOT ACCEPT MONEY FROM PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

“Pharmaceuticals / Health Products.” OpenSecrets.org. June, 2019

 

(01:26:02)

THE US IS ONE OF ONLY TWO COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD THAT ALLOWS PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES TO ADVERTISE TO CONSUMERS

“Do not get sold on drug advertising.” Harvard Men’s Health Watch. February, 2017

 

(01:26:09)

THE US CONSUMES CLOSE TO HALF OF ALL PRESCRIPTION DRUGS WHILE ONLY BEING 5% OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION*

“Distribution of the total global pharmaceutical market sales from 2014 to 2019, by submarket.” Statista.com. March, 2020

“United States Population.” Worldometers.info. 2020

*The US makes up almost half of the world pharmaceutical market by sales revenue, not number of transactions

 

(01:27:04)

JEFF KINDLER, THE FORMER CEO OF PFIZER, THE LARGEST PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY IN THE WORLD, WAS ALSO THE EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT OF MCDONALDS

“Jeffrey B. Kindler.” LinkedIn. 2020

 

(01:27:12)

3 OF MCDONALD’S ACTIVE BOARD MEMBERS HAVE DIRECT TIES TO PHARMA. MILES WHITE - EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN OF ABBOTT LABORATORIES, LLOYD DEAN - THE BOARD OF UPJOHN COMPANY, ROBERT ECKERT - DIRECTOR OF AMGEN

“Board of Directors.” McDonald’s Corporation. 2020

 

(01:27:27)

COCA-COLA’S SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, CHIEF INNOVATION OFFICER ROBERT LONG STARTED OFF AT PROCTOR AND GAMBLE. KELLY JOHNSTONE VICE PRESIDENT, STRATEGIC SECURITY AT COCA COLA COMES FROM THE FDA

“Robert Long Senior - Vice President and Chief Innovation Officer.” The Coca-Cola Company. 2020

“Kelly Johnstone - Vice President, Strategic Security.” The Coca-Cola Company. 2020

 

(01:27:36)

PEPSICO BOARD MEMBER DANIEL VASELLA IS CHAIRMAN OF PHARMA COMPANY NOVARTIS CONSUMER HEALTH, INC.

“Dr. Daniel Vasella, Former Chairman and CEO of Novartis joins the mPharma Board.” LinkedIn. March, 2019

“PepsiCo Inc. - Daniel Lucius Vasella, 66.” Wall Street Journal - Markets. 2020

 

(01:27:44)

CARGILL IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST MEAT COMPANIES. ITS BOARD MEMBERS INCLUDE BERNARD POUSSOT, FORMER PRESIDENT OF PHARMA COMPANY WYETH LABORATORIES INC.. RICHARD ANDERSON OF MEDTRONIC PLC, THE WORLD'S LARGEST MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANY THAT’S GENERATING MOST OF ITS PROFITS FROM THE U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. STEPHEN HEMSLEY FORMER CEO OF UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, A HEALTH INSURANCE PROVIDER AND 5TH LARGEST CORPORATION IN THE USA*

“Bernard J Poussot.” Bloomberg. 2020

“Medtronic PLC - Richard Anderson.” Wall Street Journal - Markets. 2020

“UnitedHealth Group CEO Stephen J. Hemsley elected to Cargill Board of Directors.” Cargill. October, 2015

“Fortune 500”. Fortune. 2020

“Fortune 500”. Fortune. 2018

*UnitedHealth Group is currently the 7th largest corporation in the US by total revenue, but in 2018 it was the 5th largest. 

 

(01:28:09)

COMPANIES PROVIDING LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE OWN OVER $1.9 BILLION WORTH OF STOCK IN THE FAST-FOOD INDUSTRY

“Health Insurers Hedge Bets With Fast Food Stock.” ABCNews. April, 2010

“Life and Health Insurance Industry Investments in Fast Food.” American Journal of Public Health. June, 2010. 100 (6)

 

( 01:28:25)

 THE HEAD OF THE US GOVERNMENT’S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, RESPONSIBLE FOR SETTING FEDERAL DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR ALL AMERICANS, IS ALEX AZAR, WHO WAS A SENIOR EXECUTIVE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL GIANT ELI LILLY

“Alex M. Azar II.” HHS.gov. January, 2020

 

(01:48:48)

HALF OF THE WORLD GRAIN WHICH IS NOW FED TO LIVESTOCK COULD INSTEAD BE USED TO FEED THE 800,000,000 STARVING AND MALNOURISHED PEOPLE AROUND THE PLANET. WE COULD REVERSE CLIMATE CHANGE BY GETTING RID OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE ENTIRELY AND ALLOW FORESTS TO GROW BACK. WE COULD PREVENT NEW PANDEMICS FROM EMERGING FROM THE FACTORY FARMS

“Intergovernmental Panel Links Pandemic Risk To Meat Consumption.” Forbes. November, 2020

“Plant-based diet can fight climate change - UN.” BBC. August, 2019

“U.S. could feed 800 million people with grain that livestock eat, Cornell ecologist advises animal scientists.” Cornell Chronicle. August, 1997

“Beef.” Global Issues. August, 2010

“Animal Agriculture is the Leading Cause of Climate Change: A Climate Healers Position Paper.” ClimateHealers.org. November, 2019

Further viewing on animal agriculture’s devastating impact on our world: Cowspiracy

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