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SOURCES AND STATISTICS
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CLOSE TO 500 BLACK AND BROWN PEOPLE IN THE U.S. ARE KILLED BY POLICE EVERY YEAR AND MOST OF THEM ARE YOUTH
“The Counted: people killed by police in the US.” The Guardian. 2016
“How Many People Are Killed by Police Each Year?” The Atlantic. May, 2016
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BLACK AMERICANS ARE 2.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE MURDERED BY POLICE THAN WHITE AMERICANS*
*Black Americans may be 3 times more likely to be murdered by police nationally. This varies widely by geography, with Black Chicagoans as much as 6.5 times more likely to be murdered by police.
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BLACK YOUTH ARE 14 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM GUNS THAN WHITE CHILDREN OF THE SAME AGE
“14X [...]” Everytown Support Fund Research & Policy
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ACROSS ALL ALL AGES, BLACK AMERICANS ARE 504% MORE LIKELY TO DIE BY HOMICIDE THAN WHITE AMERICANS
“The Good, The Bad And The Ugly Of African-American Mortality In The US.” Forbes. May, 2017
“Homicide Trends In The United States, 1980-2008.” Bureau of Justice Statistics. November, 2011
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OVER 15,000 PEOPLE ARE MURDERED IN THE US EVERY YEAR*
“Gun Deaths Inched Up in 2019.” The Trace. January, 2020
“Past Summary Ledgers.” Gun Violence Archive. December, 2020
*Both gun deaths (accidental and intentional, non-suicide) and homicides exceed 15,000 every year.
The 15,292 figure refers specifically to non-suicide gun deaths for 2019 as understood during the production of the film.
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OVER 70,000 PEOPLE DIE FROM DRUG OVERDOSES EVERY YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES
“CDC: Drug overdose deaths up 4.6% in 2019.” American Hospital Association. July, 2020
“Drug Overdose Deaths.” CDC. March, 2020
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THE GOVERNMENT HAS KNOWINGLY ALLOWED DRUGS TO BE DROPPED IN LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES
“‘The New York Times’ Wants Gary Webb to Stay Dead.” The Nation. October, 2014
“Why the DEA intentionally lets drugs into communities.” The Washington Post. April, 2017
“Police Ignore Illegal Drugs, Focus on Seizing Cash.” The Atlantic. May, 2011
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THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH FOR AFRICAN-AMERICANS ARE HEART DISEASE [23.3%], CANCER [20.8%], STROKE [5.7%], DIABETES [4.4%]
“Deaths: Leading Causes for 2017.” CDC - National Vital Statistics System. June, 2019
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ALMOST HALF OF ALL AFRICAN AMERICAN’S HAVE SOME FORM OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE [47%]
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NEARLY ONE IN FIVE AFRICAN AMERICANS HAVE DIABETES
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MOST OF THE HEART DISEASE, CANCER, DIABETES, STROKE, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND EVEN MUCH OF THE AUTOIMMUNE PROBLEMS THAT WE SEE SUCH ARE A DIRECT OUTGROWTH OF THE WAY PEOPLE EAT
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NEARLY HALF OF ALL DEATHS FROM HEART DISEASE, STROKE, AND DIABETES ARE DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO A POOR DIET
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MANY OF THE CHRONIC DIET RELATED DISEASES THAT USED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH OLDER PEOPLE ARE NOW MANIFESTING IN MILLENNIALS
“The Health of Millennials.” Blue Cross Blue Shield. April, 2019
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BLACK AMERICANS ARE 30% MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM HEART DISEASE THAN WHITE AMERICANS
(00:11:09)
BLACK AMERICAN MEN ARE 40% MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM STROKE THAN WHITE AMERICANS
“Stroke and African Americans.” HHS - Office of Minority Health. February, 2020
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BLACK AMERICANS ARE TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM DIABETES COMPARED TO WHITE AMERICANS
“Diabetes mortality rates among African Americans: A descriptive analysis pre and post Medicaid expansion.” Preventative Medicine Reports. December, 2018. Vol. 12
“Diabetes and African Americans.” HHS - Office of Minority Health. December, 2019
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BLACK AMERICANS ARE TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM STOMACH CANCER COMPARED TO WHITE AMERICANS
“Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2019.” CA. May/June, 2019. 69(3)
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AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN ARE 60% MORE LIKELY TO END UP WITH PROSTATE CANCER THAN CAUCASIAN MEN. AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN ARE ALSO MORE LIKELY TO HAVE MORE DEADLY FORMS OF THE DISEASE, BEING TWICE AS LIKELY TO DIE FROM PROSTATE CANCER
“Cancer Facts and Figure for African Americans 2019-2021.” American Cancer Society. 2019
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THE RATES OF SOME ILLNESSES, PARTICULARLY DIABETES, CANCER, AND KIDNEY FAILURE ARE SOMETIMES 2 TO 3 TIMES HIGHER IN AFRICAN AMERICANS COMPARED TO THE WHITE POPULATION
“African Americans and Kidney Disease.” National Kidney Foundation. January, 2016
“Cancer Facts & Figures for African Americans 2019-2021.” American Cancer Society. 2019
“Factors contributing to higher incidence of diabetes for black Americans.” NIH. January, 2018
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THERE WAS A STUDY PUBLISHED IN 2017 THAT SHOWED THAT A POOR DIET WAS A DIET THAT WAS HIGH IN PROCESSED MEATS, A DIET THAT’S HIGH IN SODIUM AND A DIET THAT’S HIGH IN SUGAR SWEETENED BEVERAGES. JUST EATING THOSE FOODS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HALF THE DEATHS FROM HEART DISEASE, STROKE, AND DIABETES. AND IN THIS STUDY WHAT EMERGED WAS THAT THERE WERE RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES THERE BECAUSE AMONG BLACKS AND AMONG LATINOS THEIR PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS [...] WAS EVEN HIGHER AS IT RELATES TO POOR DIET
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JOHNS HOPKINS COMPARED TWO DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES IN BALTIMORE. ONE COMMUNITY WAS AN AFFLUENT WHITE COMMUNITY AND THE OTHER ONE WAS A LOW INCOME BLACK COMMUNITY. WHAT THEY FOUND WAS THAT THERE WAS A 20 YEAR LIFE EXPECTANCY DIFFERENCE. THE MAIN THING THAT THEY WERE ABLE TO PINPOINT WAS THAT THERE WAS A HUGE DIFFERENCE IN WHAT THEY WERE EATING
“Neighborhood Health Profile Reports.” Baltimore City Health Department. June, 2017*
Specifically a comparison of 2017’s reports on the Clifton-Berea and Cross Country-Cheswolde neighborhoods.
“The Johns Hopkins Hospital Community Health Needs Assessment.” Johns Hopkins Medicine. 2013
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FOOD DESERTS DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECT AFRICAN AMERICANS AND COMMUNITIES OF COLOR
Mapping Baltimore City’s Food Environment: 2015 Report. City of Baltimore, et al. June 2015
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EVEN WHEN ADJUSTED FOR INCOME, BLACK AND BROWN COMMUNITIES HAVE LESS ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOODS THAN THEIR EQUALLY IMPOVERISHED WHITE COUNTERPARTS
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ONLY ABOUT 8% OF AFRICAN AMERICANS EVEN LIVE IN COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE A GROCERY STORE IN THEM
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IN THE U.S. THERE ARE MORE GUN SHOPS AND GUN DEALERS THAN THERE ARE GROCERY STORES
“There Are 15,000 More Gun Stores In America Than Grocery Stores.” Business Insider. December, 2012
“Map shows where there are more gun stores than Starbucks in USA.” Geospatial World. October, 2017
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IN BALTIMORE, GUN DEALERS ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY LOCATED IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR
“State Federal Firearms Listings - Maryland.” Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms. June, 2020 - (MAP BASED ON ATF DATA)
“Race and Ethnicity in Baltimore, Maryland.” Statistical Atlas. September, 2018
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CITY COUNCILS AND PLANNING COMMISSIONS WILL OFTEN PERMIT MORE LIQUOR STORES IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR THAN THEY WILL IN WHITE COMMUNITIES
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NOT ONLY ARE THERE FEWER GROCERY STORES IN THESE COMMUNITIES, BUT SOME CHAINS ARE ACTUALLY PREVENTING NEW GROCERY STORES FROM OPENING UP EVEN AFTER THEY’VE LEFT A NEIGHBORHOOD THROUGH THE USE OF RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES IN LONG TERM LEASES
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WHEN SUPERMARKETS WERE INTRODUCED THERE WERE CODES AND LAWS AND STATUTES THAT WERE PASSED THAT LIMITED THE ABILITY OF PEOPLE TO GROW AND COMMUNALLY SHARE FOOD*
*While not directly causally related, the emergence of supermarkets coincided with the adoption of restrictive covenants curtailing gardening and community food sharing.
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THE NAVAJO NATION, AN AREA THE SIZE OF WEST VIRGINIA, HAS BARELY A DOZEN GROCERY STORES FOR THE ENTIRE POPULATION
“13 grocery stores: The Navajo Nation is a food desert.” Planet Forward at GW. December, 2019
“Eating Well: Grocery Program Takes Off in the Navajo Nation.” Partners in Health. June, 2018
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THE LATEST STATISTICS SAY THAT 30% OF THE NAVAJO POPULATION HAVE TYPE 2 DIABETES AND THEY’RE TELLING ME NOW IT’S REACHING UP TO 35*
“Navajos Fight Their Food Desert With Junk Food And Soda Taxes.” NPR. April, 2015
*The figure of 30 to 35% regarding the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes may include prediabetes; in which case the prevalence in the Navajo nation is as high 50%.
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THE U.S. GOVERNMENT HAS USED LIMITING ACCESS TO FOOD AS A MEANS OF SUBDUING AND CONTROLLING INDIGENOUS AMERICANS
“'Kill Every Buffalo You Can! Every Buffalo Dead Is an Indian Gone'.” The Atlantic. May, 2016
“The People Who Profited Off the Trail of Tears.” The Atlantic. May, 2020
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MOST AMERICANS DON’T UNDERSTAND WHAT IT MEANT TO BE A SLAVE
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A STUDY CONDUCTED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SHOWED THAT WHEN BLACK AMERICANS ADOPTED A MORE TRADITIONAL AFRICAN DIET HIGH IN FIBER, FRUITS, VEGETABLES LOW IN FAT WITH LITTLE TO NOT MEAT AFTER ONLY TWO WEEKS THEY STARTED PRODUCING MORE ANTI-CANCER MOLECULES IN THEIR BODIES; PROVEN TO PROTECT AGAINST COLON CANCER IN PARTICULAR. IN THE SAME STUDY WHEN BLACK AFRICANS SWITCHED FROM THEIR TRADITIONAL FOODS TO AN AMERICAN DIET THEIR BODIES PRODUCED MICROBIOTA THAT WERE CANCEROUS
“Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans.” Nature Communications. 2015. 6
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AFRICAN AMERICANS SUFFER ALMOST DOUBLE THE RATES OF HYPERTENSION THAN PEOPLE IN WEST AFRICA*
“Hypertension in Blacks.” American Journal of Hypertension. July, 1997. 10 (7)
*This difference has historically been true, but continues to change alongside the westernization of African diets
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AS WESTERN DIETS HAVE BEGUN TO PERVADE THE AFRICAN CONTINENT HYPERTENSION GOES WITH IT
“Blood Pressure: Evolution of blood pressure over time.” NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. 2017
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IF WE LOOK AT PROSTATE CANCER IT IS ABOUT DOUBLE IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN COMPARED TO WHITE MEN. IF YOU LOOK AT COLORECTAL CANCER IT’S HIGHER IN AFRICAN AMERICANS COMPARED TO WHITES, CARDIOVASCULAR DEATHS, SAME STORY. THIS IS NOT DUE TO ANY DIFFERENCE IN GENETIC FACTORS, BECAUSE WHEN WE LOOK IN AFRICA, WE DON’T SEE HIGHER RATES IN BLACKS IN AFRICA. WE DO SEE IT IN THE UNITED STATES. IT’S FOOD.*
“Cancer Facts and Figure for African Americans 2019-2021.” American Cancer Society. 2019
*As Westernized diets pervade Africa rates of diet-related illness have begun to rise. Historically, lower rates in Africa compared to North America reflect the epigenetic nature of these illnesses.
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THERE’S A DIRECT CORRELATION WITH THE AMOUNT OF ANIMAL FOOD IN THE DIET AND THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS HEART DISEASE, CANCER, STROKE, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, AND AUTOIMMUNE PROBLEMS
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A DIET HIGH IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS INCREASES YOUR RISK FOR CANCER
“Do Lox and Other Smoked Fish Increase Cancer Risk?” New York Times. July, 2019
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EVEN THE CDC HAS SAID ‘THIS STUFF CAUSES CANCER’
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THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, LOOKING AT OVER 800 STUDIES, FOUND A DIRECT LINK BETWEEN PROCESSED MEAT AND CANCER. IT’S A GROUP 1 CARCINOGEN. ONE HOT DOG A DAY INCREASES YOUR RISK OF DEVELOPING COLORECTAL CANCER BY 18%. TWO SERVINGS OF PROCESSED MEAT A DAY HAVE A SIMILAR IMPACT ON COLORECTAL CANCER RISK AS SMOKING
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RED MEAT, BEEF, IS RELATED TO CANCER OF THE COLON AND STOMACH. SMOKED FISH IS ALSO RELATED TO CANCER OF THE STOMACH.
“Do Lox and Other Smoked Fish Increase Cancer Risk?” New York Times. July, 2019
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FOR MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER IDENTIFIED AS HAVING HIGH PROGNOSTIC RISK EATING A LOT OF WHOLE POULTRY CAUSED A FOUR FOLD INCREASE IN THE RISK OF THE DISEASE PROGRESSING
“Intakes of meat, fish, poultry, and eggs and risk of prostate cancer progression.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. March, 2010. 91 (3)
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CHICKEN IS ONE OF THE HIGHEST SOURCES OF SODIUM IN ADULT AMERICAN DIETS, DIRECTLY LINKED TO HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. IT’S ALSO ONE OF THE PRIMARY SOURCES OF DIETARY CHOLESTEROL
“Top 10 Sources of Sodium.” CDC. September, 2017
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WOMEN WHO EAT LOTS OF CHICKEN HAVE HIGHER RATES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS BECAUSE CHICKEN MEAT IS SO LADEN WITH BACTERIA
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ACCORDING TO THE FDA 95% OF CHICKEN BREASTS SAMPLED WERE CONTAMINATED WITH FECAL BACTERIA
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RED MEAT, BEEF, IS RELATED TO CANCER OF THE COLON AND STOMACH. SMOKED FISH IS ALSO RELATED TO CANCER OF THE STOMACH.
“Do Lox and Other Smoked Fish Increase Cancer Risk?” New York Times. July, 2019
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FOR MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER IDENTIFIED AS HAVING HIGH PROGNOSTIC RISK EATING A LOT OF WHOLE POULTRY CAUSED A FOUR FOLD INCREASE IN THE RISK OF THE DISEASE PROGRESSING
“Intakes of meat, fish, poultry, and eggs and risk of prostate cancer progression.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. March, 2010. 91 (3)
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CHICKEN IS ONE OF THE HIGHEST SOURCES OF SODIUM IN ADULT AMERICAN DIETS, DIRECTLY LINKED TO HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. IT’S ALSO ONE OF THE PRIMARY SOURCES OF DIETARY CHOLESTEROL
“Top 10 Sources of Sodium.” CDC. September, 2017
(00:34:06)
WOMEN WHO EAT LOTS OF CHICKEN HAVE HIGHER RATES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS BECAUSE CHICKEN MEAT IS SO LADEN WITH BACTERIA
(00:34:12)
ACCORDING TO THE FDA 95% OF CHICKEN BREASTS SAMPLED WERE CONTAMINATED WITH FECAL BACTERIA
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PEOPLE ARE GETTING 93% OF THEIR CALORIES EITHER FROM ANIMAL FOODS (MEAT, FISH, FOWL, EGGS, AND DAIRY PRODUCTS) OR PLEASURE TRAP CHEMICALS THAT ARE ADDED TO FOODS; THINGS LIKE OIL, SALT, AND SUGAR. TO STIMULATE THE DOPAMINE CASCADE OF OUR BRAIN AND LEAD US TO OVEREAT
“The Hidden Dangers of Fast and Processed Food.” American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. September/October, 2018. 12 (5) - Unprocessed vegetable and fruit consumption could be as low as 5% in the Standard American Diet (SAD).
“Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study.” BMJ Open. 2016. 6 - Ultra-processed foods constituted 57.9% of calories in the SAD.
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INFLAMMATION IS A ROOT CAUSE OF MOST CHRONIC DISEASES
“The inflammation theory of disease.” EMBO Reports. November, 2012. 13 (11)
“Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span.” Nature Medicine. 25
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ADDED SUGARS IN FOOD CAN HAVE A SIMILAR EFFECT ON THE BRAIN TO SOME ADDICTIVE DRUGS.
“Is Sugar Addictive?” Diabetes. July, 2016. 65 (7)
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HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP FUNCTIONS DIFFERENTLY THAN SOME OTHER FORMS OF SUGAR
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$5,186,000,000 IN U.S. GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES FOR CORN IN 2017
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FARM ANIMALS EAT THE MAJORITY OF CORN GROWN IN THE U.S.
“Feedgrains Sector at a Glance.” USDA Economic Research Service. October, 2020
(00:37:53)
THE MEAT AND DAIRY INDUSTRY RECEIVED 38 BILLION DOLLARS TO PROP IT UP AND KEEP UNHEALTHY FOODS CHEAP
Simon, David Robinson. Meatonomics. Berkeley, California. Conari Press, 2013
(00:38:00)
THE GOVERNMENT SPENDS MORE ON MEAT AND DAIRY SUBSIDIES THAN THE ENTIRE SPENDING FOR ALL SECTION 8 HOUSING VOUCHERS
“Imbalance in Housing Aid.” Apartment List. October, 2017
“Budget Authority by Program.” HUD. October, 2016
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ONLY 11% OF LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS RECEIVE FEDERAL HOUSING ASSISTANCE
“Imbalance in Housing Aid.” Apartment List. October, 2017
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38% OF FARMS RECEIVE FEDERAL SUBSIDIES
“Reforming Federal Farm Policies.” Cato Institute. April, 2018
(00:38:14)
IF YOU TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION ALL THE EXTERNALIZED COSTS OF THE MEAT AND DAIRY INDUSTRY THAT ARE IMPOSED ON SOCIETY, A 4 DOLLAR BIG MAC WOULD ACTUALLY COST 11 DOLLARS*
Simon, David Robinson. Meatonomics. Berkeley, California. Conari Press, 2013
*More recent estimates of externalities of the Big Mac put the actual cost closer to $13, compared to the $5 price charged to consumers.
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OVER THE LAST 30 YEARS, THE MEAT, DAIRY AND EGG INDUSTRIES HAVE GIVEN OVER $134 MILLION DOLLARS TO U.S. CONGRESSMEN*
“Agribusiness: Long-Term Contribution Trends.” OpenSecrets.org. October, 2020
*Combining the contribution from meat, dairy, egg, and livestock sectors the amount of spent on gaining congressional influence may be as high as $176m.
(00:38:02 - 12-19-20 Edit)
THE USDA AND HHS’S FEDERAL DIETARY GUIDELINES ARE HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY LOBBYISTS AND APPOINTEES WITH CONNECTIONS TO AMERICA’S LARGEST FOOD CONGLOMERATES
“Experts Say Lobbying Skewed the U.S. Dietary Guidelines.” Time. October, 2016
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EVERY MORNING NEW YORK CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS FEED PROVIDE 980,000 CHILDREN WITH MEALS THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO CHILDHOOD DIABETES, ASTHMA, AND OBESITY
“DOE Data at a Glance.” NYC Department of Education. 2020
“Do School Lunches Contribute to Childhood Obesity?” The Journal of Human Resources. 2009. 44 (3)
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SNAP PARTICIPANTS ARE WORSE OFF IN TERMS OF DIET RELATED DISEASE. IF YOU’RE ON SNAP YOU’RE MORE LIKELY TO BE OBESE AND SUFFER AND DIE FROM ALMOST EVERY SINGLE DIET RELATED DISEASE
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80 BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR, IS WHAT THE SNAP BUDGET IS*
“SNAP Data Tables.” USDA Food and Nutrition Service. August, 2020
*The SNAP budget was slightly under $80 billion in 2013, but has been reduced every year down to $60 billion in 2016.
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THE MAJORITY OF SNAP MONEY IS GOING TO BUY ANIMAL PRODUCTS OR JUNK FOOD
(00:42:42)
YUM! BRANDS, WHICH OWNS TACO BELL AND PIZZA HUT AND SOME OTHER FAST FOOD CHAINS, HAS PROMOTED FLEXIBILITY WITH SNAP. THIS WOULD ENABLE RECIPIENTS TO USE SNAP DOLLARS AT FAST FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS.
“Yum Brands Says It Won’t Expand Food Stamp Use at KFC, Taco Bell.” Bloomberg. November, 2011
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THE LARGEST LOBBYISTS AGAINST IMPROVING SNAP FOR THE PARTICIPANTS’ NUTRITION ARE COMPANIES LIKE KRAFT AND COCA-COLA
“Soft Drink Industry Fights Proposed Food Stamp Ban.” New York Times. April, 2011
“Food Stamps: Follow the Money.” Simon, Michele - Eat Drink Politics. June, 2012
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WHEN HEALTH ADVOCATES URGED THE GOVERNMENT TO INCLUDE MORE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN THE WIC PACKAGE THE MEAT AND DAIRY INDUSTRY ACTUALLY LOBBIED AGAINST IT. PREVENTING LOW INCOME MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN ACCESS TO MORE HEALTHY FOODS
"Dairy and Produce Industries Square Off Over WIC Program Guidelines." CQ Weekly - Agriculture. December, 2002. pp. 3266-67
(00:46:29)
PEOPLE ARE GETTING ACCESS TO HIGHLY BEATED HEATED TREATED PROCESSED FOODS AND IT STIMULATES THEIR DOPAMINE CASCADE AND ESSENTIALLY SETS UP ALMOST A SIMILAR SITUATION THAT YOU SEE IN ADDICTION
“The Addiction Potential of Hyperpalatable Foods.” Current Drug Abuse Reviews. 2011. 4
(00:47:22)
THERE ARE NOW 14,000 CRACK AND COCAINE OVERDOSE DEATHS IN THE U.S. PER YEAR, THAT’S NOT EVEN 1/40TH OF THE DEATHS FROM JUST HEART DISEASE
“Overdose Death Rates.” CDC - National Institute on Drug Abuse. March, 2020
(00:47:30)
600,000 PEOPLE DIE FROM HEART DISEASE EVERY YEAR*
“Heart Disease Facts.” CDC. September, 2020
*The figure is actually closer to 655,000 people every year, according to the CDC.
(00:49:05)
POPEYES IS WHITE FOUNDED, WHITE OWNED, AND WHITE MANAGED*
“Why Popeyes markets its chicken sandwich to African Americans.” The Washington Post. November, 2019
“Felipe Athayde - President & CEO at Regis Corporation.” LinkedIn. 2020
*At the time of filming this documentary.
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CHURCH’S CHICKEN IS ALSO WHITE FOUNDED, WHITE OWNED, AND RUN
“The Executive Team.” Church’s Chicken. 2020
(00:49:27)
KFC IS OWNED BY YUM! BRAND, IS AGAIN PREDOMINANTLY WHITE OWNED AND OPERATED
https://web.archive.org/web/20191101213223/https://www.yum.com/wps/portal/yumbrands/Yumbrands/company/about-yum-brands/senior-officers-and-leadership-team/ - July 2019 version of Yum Brands senior staff still shows two non-white senior officers.
(00:50:54)
THE WAY THAT WE EAT CAN HAVE A DIRECT IMPACT ON OUR MENTAL FUNCTION
“Nutritional psychiatry: Your brain on food.” Harvard Health Blog. November, 2015
Food for thought: how nutrition impacts cognition and emotion.” NPJ Science of Food. December, 2017
(00:52:47)
PEOPLE WHO EAT MEAT HAVE HIGHER LEVELS OF THE STRESS HORMONE CORTISOL IN THEIR BLOOD. ACCORDING TO ONE STUDY, EATING MEAT INCREASES STRESS HORMONE LEVELS HIGHER THAN THE STRESS OF LOSING A SPOUSE
(00:54:27)
HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES LIKE LANDFILLS, INCINERATORS, AND INDUSTRIAL FACTORIES ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY LOCATED IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR
(00:54:38)
AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE 3 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM POLLUTION*
“Trump's EPA Concludes Environmental Racism Is Real.” The Atlantic. February, 2018
*When looking at mortality from exposure to PM2.5 pollutants
(00:54:44)
AMERICANS OF COLOR EXPERIENCE 63% MORE POLLUTION THAN THEY PRODUCE
“Blacks, Hispanics breathe more pollution than they make.” AP News. March, 2019
(00:55:00)
ANIMALS IN CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS (CAFOs) PRODUCE 44 TIMES MORE WASTE THAN HUMANS AND VIRTUALLY NONE OF IT IS TREATED - 335 MILLION TONS TO 7.6 MILLION TONS*
*All farm animals in the USA, both in and out of CAFOs, produce as much as two billion tons of manure annually.
(00:55:03)
NORTH CAROLINA’S PIGS ALONE PRODUCE THE WASTE EQUIVALENT OF 60,000,000 PEOPLE. ENOUGH FECES AND URINE TO FILL 15,000 OLYMPIC SWIMMING POOLS EVERY YEAR - 660,000 GALLONS PER POOL*
“Water, air issues heighten clashes over huge pig farms.” The Seattle Times. February, 2015
*North Carolina’s pigs may actually produce waste equivalent to 100,000,000 people.
(00:55:34)
PIG FARMS ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY LOCATED IN COMMUNITIES OF COLOR
“Permitting racial injustice in North Carolina hog country.” Facing South. April, 2019
(00:56:23)
THERE ARE ALMOST 10,000,000 PIGS IN THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, MORE PIGS THAN PEOPLE*
“Hog Farming in Eastern North Carolina.” Southeastern Geographer. May, 2001. 41 (1)
*Currently humans narrowly outnumber pigs in the state of North Carolina, but in the 1990’s and 2000’s pigs did significantly outnumber humans.
(00:57:24)
IF YOU ARE AFRICAN AMERICAN IN NORTH CAROLINA YOU’RE ALMOST TWICE AS LIKELY AS A WHITE PERSON TO LIVE WITHIN THREE MILES OF A SWINE CAFO. IF YOU’RE NATIVE AMERICAN YOU’RE MORE THAN TWO TIMES AS LIKELY
(00:59:11)
RAISING ANIMALS FOR FOOD IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE, DEFORESTATION. WATER POLLUTION, AND SPECIES EXTINCTION AROUND THE WORLD
“Study claims meat creates half of all greenhouse gases.” The Independent. November, 2009
“How humans are driving the sixth mass extinction.” The Guardian. October, 2015
Further viewing on animal agriculture’s devastating impact on our world: Cowspiracy
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97% OF PIGS ARE RAISED IN FACTORY FARM CONDITIONS
“Inside the factory farm, where 97% of U.S. pigs are raised.” The Splendid Table. May, 2015
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SLAUGHTERHOUSE WORKERS ARE OFTEN UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS WHO ARE VULNERABLE TO POOR TREATMENT AND POOR WAGES. THEY HAVE LITTLE RECOURSE TO REPORT WRONGDOING IN THEIR WORKPLACES AND ARE MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP MENTAL ILLNESSES
“Refugees Make Your Dinner. Literally.” MotherJones. January, 2017
“No Relief: Denial Of Bathroom Breaks In The Poultry Industry.” Oxfam America. 2016
(01:04:11)
SLAUGHTERHOUSES AND MEAT-PROCESSING FACILITIES USE IMPRISONED PEOPLE AS LABOR. PEOPLE SERVING TIME FOR NON-VIOLENT CRIMES CAN BE FORCED TO VIOLENTLY KILL, BUTCHER, AND DISMEMBER HUNDREDS OF ANIMALS A DAY.
“Prison Labor on the ‘Kill Line’.” The Nation. August, 2018
(01:05:03)
INCARCERATED PEOPLES’ LABOR HAS BEEN USED TO MAKE MILITARY UNIFORMS, BODY ARMOR FOR COMBAT, POLICE UNIFORMS, AND MCDONALD’S UNIFORMS.
“Slavery in the US prison system.” Al Jazeera. September, 2017
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AFRICAN-AMERICANS ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY CHARGED, CONVICTED, AND SENTENCED TO MORE SEVERE PUNISHMENTS THAN THEIR WHITE COUNTERPARTS FOR THE SAME EXACT CRIMES FILLING PRIVATE BUSINESS DISGUISED AS PRISONS WITH PREDOMINANTLY PEOPLE OF COLOR.
“Racial Disparity in Federal Criminal Sentences.” Journal of Political Economy. 2014. 122 (6)
(01:05:44)
FACTORY FARMERS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE INFECTED WITH RESPIRATORY AND IMMUNE COMPROMISING ILLNESSES THAT CAN SPREAD TO THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY
(01:06:12)
CLOSE TO 80% OF ALL ANTIBIOTICS SOLD IN THE US ARE FED TO FARM ANIMALS
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THE 2009 SWINE FLU PANDEMIC THAT KILLED OVER 500,000 PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD ORIGINATED ON A PIG FARM IN NORTH CAROLINA
“Swine flu genes traced to North Carolina factory farm.” Facing South. May, 2009
“H1N1 Swine Flu May Have Killed 15 Times More Than First Said.” ABC News. June, 2012
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AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE MORE THAN 3.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE FROM COVID-19 THAN WHITE AMERICANS*
*At the time of the recording of the film.
“US blacks 3 times more likely than whites to get COVID-19.” CIDRAP News. August, 2020
“The Covid Death Rate in Majority-Black Counties Is Getting Worse.” Bloomberg. July, 2020
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INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES ARE BEING PARTICULARLY HARD HIT. AT THE TIME OF MAKING THIS FILM HALF OF ALL COVID-19 DEATHS IN NEW MEXICO WERE NATIVE PEOPLE
“Native Americans make up 50% of COVID-19 deaths in New Mexico.” New Mexico In Depth. May, 2020
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DAIRY IS LINKED TO QUITE A FEW HEALTH HARMS INCLUDING HEART DISEASE, STROKE, A VARIETY OF CANCERS. AND IT’S LINKED TO AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AS WELL AS A LOT OF GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS, LIKE GAS OR BLOATING FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE, WHAT WE USED TO CALL, LACTOSE INTOLERANT
“Dairy Foods and Risk of Stroke.” Epidemiology. May, 2009. 20 (3)
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PRIOR TO THE MID 1960’S PEOPLE THOUGHT THAT LACTOSE INTOLERANCE WAS A DISEASE, AND IN 1966 RESEARCHERS WENT TO THE MARYLAND HOUSE OF CORRECTIONS AND THEY TESTED WHITE PRISONERS AND BLACK PRISONERS. AND WHAT THEY FOUND WAS THAT IN THE WHITES LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, VERY RARE, IN THE BLACK PRISONERS, VERY COMMON.
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AFRICAN AMERICANS BEING 75-80% LACTOSE INTOLERANT. EAST ASIANS SOMEWHERE AROUND 90%, INDIGENOUS AMERICANS EVEN HIGHER UP TO 95%
“Health Concerns About Dairy.” Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. 2020
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DAIRY FOODS HAVE NEVER BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE BONE HEALTH. IN FACT, IN THE HARVARD NURSES HEALTH STUDY THE WOMEN WHO CONSUMED THE MOST DAIRY PRODUCTS HAD THE HIGHEST RISK FOR HIP FRACTURE
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WE KNOW THAT DAIRY IS A HIGH RISK FACTOR IN PROSTATE CANCER FOR INSTANCE. IT’S ALSO THE NUMBER ONE SOURCE OF SATURATED FAT IN THE AMERICAN DIET, WHICH IS OF COURSE A STRONG STRONG RISK FACTOR FOR HEART DISEASE
“Risk factors for prostate cancer.” Canadian Cancer Society. 2020
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DAIRY FOODS ARE VERY HIGH IN EXOGENOUS ESTROGEN, IT ATTACHES TO HORMONE RECEPTORS IN THE BODY. THOSE HORMONES ATTACH TO THOSE TISSUES AND MAKES THINGS GROW
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THE PROTEINS IN MILK ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH AGGRAVATING MANY OF THE INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS AND ALLERGIC CONDITIONS, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, DIABETES, AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS LIKE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ULCERATIVE COLITIS, ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, ASTHMA, ECZEMA PSORIASIS AS WELL AS SOME FORMS OF CANCER INCLUDING LYMPHOMA
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FEDERAL LAW SAYS PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE NOT NOT ALLOWED TO OFFER A STUDENT AN ALTERNATIVE, UNLESS THE STUDENT BRINGS A NOTE FROM A PARENT OR PHYSICIAN
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BLACK BABIES HAVE TWO TIMES THE MORTALITY RATE OF WHITE BABIES
“Infant Mortality and African Americans.
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BLACK WOMEN ARE UP TO FOUR TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE DURING PREGNANCY OR CHILDBIRTH
“Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System.” CDC - Reproductive Health. November, 2020
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BLACK NEWBORNS ARE THREE TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE WHEN CARED FOR BY WHITE DOCTORS THAN WHEN CARED FOR BY BLACK DOCTORS. BY CONTRAST, THE MORTALITY OF WHITE BABIES IS LARGELY UNAFFECTED BY THE DOCTORS RACE
“Black newborns more likely to die when looked after by White doctors.” CNN. August, 2020
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TODAY, HALF THE AMERICAN POPULATION IS EITHER DIABETIC OR PREDIABETIC*
*Half of the American adult population.
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AN EXCESSIVELY HIGH FAT DIET CAN CONTRIBUTE TO INSULIN RESISTANCE
“Dietary Fat and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes.” Diabetes Care. March, 2002. 25 (3)
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CHEESE AND DAIRY PRODUCTS ARE THE NUMBER ONE SOURCE OF SATURATED FATS THAT DRIVE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS UP. MEAT IS THE NUMBER TWO SOURCE OF SATURATED FAT
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ANIMAL PROTEIN AND ANIMAL FAT CONSUMPTION DECREASES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSULIN
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ONE OUT OF THREE PEOPLE IS SUPPOSED TO HAVE DIABETES IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS*
*Diabetes is projected to rise significantly in the next decade, but it will take another 20 years at current trends to affect 1 in 3.
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AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO END UP BLIND OR VISUALLY IMPAIRED DUE TO DIABETES
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AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE 2.3 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO LOSE A LOWER LIMB TO DIABETES THAN THEIR WHITE COUNTERPARTS
“Diabetes and African Americans.” HHS - Office of Minority Health. December, 2019
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AND 3.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO END UP ON DIALYSIS THAN WHITES BECAUSE OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
“Diabetes and African Americans.” HHS - Office of Minority Health. December, 2019
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ONCE YOU END UP WITH A LEG AMPUTATION OR KIDNEY FAILURE OR HEART DISEASE FROM YOUR DIABETES YOU’RE GOING TO LOSE AN AVERAGE OF 17 YEARS OF LIFE
“Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity With Mortality.” JAMA. July, 2015. 314 (1)
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EATING JUST ONE SERVING OF PROCESSED MEAT A DAY INCREASES YOUR RISK OF DEVELOPING TYPE 2 DIABETES BY 51%. NO OTHER FOOD COMES EVEN CLOSE TO THAT
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DR. NEAL BARNARD AND COLLEAGUES CONDUCTED MULTIPLE PEER REVIEWED REPLICATED STUDIES SHOWING THAT WHEN PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM TYPE 2 DIABETES REMOVE ANIMAL PRODUCTS FROM THEIR DIET AND REPLACE THEM WITH WHOLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES THEY WERE ABLE TO REVERSE THE DISEASE
“Vegetarian and vegan diets in type 2 diabetes management.” Nutrition Reviews. May, 2009. 67 (5)
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WHEN YOU GO ON A WHOLE FOODS PLANT BASED DIET YOUR BODY BECOMES MORE INSULIN SENSITIVE. YOU CAN REVERSE TYPE 2 DIABETES. YOU NEED LESS AND LESS INSULIN OR OTHER DRUGS AND UNDER YOUR DOCTOR’S SUPERVISION MOST PEOPLE CAN REDUCE AND ULTIMATELY GET OFF INSULIN ALL TOGETHER
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ABOUT 80% OF OUR TYPE 2 DIABETICS WILL BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE NORMAL BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS WITHOUT THE USE OF MEDICATION
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THE MAJORITY OF PEOPLE BY THE TIME THEY REACH 65 HAVE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
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IN A TWO YEAR STUDY OF 1800 PATIENTS AT A RURAL KENYAN HOSPITAL, DOCTORS FOUND NO CASES OF HEART DISEASE OR EXAMPLES OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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RESEARCHERS TOOK PEOPLE WITH HEART DISEASE AND PUT THEM ON THE KIND OF PLANT BASED DIET FOLLOWED BY POPULATIONS THAT DID NOT GET EPIDEMIC HEART DISEASE. AS SOON AS THESE PEOPLE STOPPED EATING ARTERY CLOGGING DIETS THEIR BODIES WERE ABLE TO START DISSOLVING SOME OF THAT PLAQUE AWAY, OPENING UP ARTERIES, WITHOUT DRUGS, WITHOUT SURGERY
“Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease.” JAMA. December, 1998. 280 (23)
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A PLANT-BASED DIET CAN BE EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING, ARRESTING, OR REVERSING OTHER LEADING KILLERS LIKE TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
“Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes.” Current Diabetes Reports. September, 2018. 18 (11)
“A plant-based diet and hypertension.” Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. May, 2017. 14 (5)
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NUTRITION IS NOT EMPHASIZED AT ALL IN MEDICAL TRAINING
“Doctors need more nutrition education.” Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - News. May, 2017
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IF YOU LOOK AT HOW DOCTORS GET THEIR INFORMATION, IT IS THROUGH CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) ALMOST ALL OF WHICH IS BANKROLLED BY THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
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IF YOU LOOK AT MOST OF THE SALES OF THINGS THAT GO ACROSS THE CASH REGISTER AT THE DRUG STORE IT’S FOR THINGS THAT ARE NOT DESIGNED TO CURE THE DISEASE. THEY’RE DESIGNED TO MANAGE IT
“The Top 200 Drugs of 2021.” ClinCalc Drug Stats Database. 2020
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THE US CONSUMES ALMOST HALF THE WORLD’S PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS, YET 39, 40 OTHER COUNTRIES LIVE LONGER THAN US*
“Life Expectancy of the World Population.” Worldometers.info. 2020
*The US makes up almost half of the world pharmaceutical market by sales revenue, not number of transactions
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THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY SPENDS MORE MONEY ON LOBBYING THE GOVERNMENT THAN ANY OTHER INDUSTRY
“Influence and Lobbying - Industries 2019.” OpenSecrets.Org. October, 2020
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IN 2018, OUT OF 535 US REPRESENTATIVES ONLY 21 DID NOT ACCEPT MONEY FROM PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
“Pharmaceuticals / Health Products.” OpenSecrets.org. June, 2019
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THE US IS ONE OF ONLY TWO COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD THAT ALLOWS PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES TO ADVERTISE TO CONSUMERS
“Do not get sold on drug advertising.” Harvard Men’s Health Watch. February, 2017
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THE US CONSUMES CLOSE TO HALF OF ALL PRESCRIPTION DRUGS WHILE ONLY BEING 5% OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION*
“United States Population.” Worldometers.info. 2020
*The US makes up almost half of the world pharmaceutical market by sales revenue, not number of transactions
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JEFF KINDLER, THE FORMER CEO OF PFIZER, THE LARGEST PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY IN THE WORLD, WAS ALSO THE EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT OF MCDONALDS
“Jeffrey B. Kindler.” LinkedIn. 2020
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3 OF MCDONALD’S ACTIVE BOARD MEMBERS HAVE DIRECT TIES TO PHARMA. MILES WHITE - EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN OF ABBOTT LABORATORIES, LLOYD DEAN - THE BOARD OF UPJOHN COMPANY, ROBERT ECKERT - DIRECTOR OF AMGEN
“Board of Directors.” McDonald’s Corporation. 2020
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COCA-COLA’S SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, CHIEF INNOVATION OFFICER ROBERT LONG STARTED OFF AT PROCTOR AND GAMBLE. KELLY JOHNSTONE VICE PRESIDENT, STRATEGIC SECURITY AT COCA COLA COMES FROM THE FDA
“Robert Long Senior - Vice President and Chief Innovation Officer.” The Coca-Cola Company. 2020
“Kelly Johnstone - Vice President, Strategic Security.” The Coca-Cola Company. 2020
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PEPSICO BOARD MEMBER DANIEL VASELLA IS CHAIRMAN OF PHARMA COMPANY NOVARTIS CONSUMER HEALTH, INC.
“PepsiCo Inc. - Daniel Lucius Vasella, 66.” Wall Street Journal - Markets. 2020
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CARGILL IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST MEAT COMPANIES. ITS BOARD MEMBERS INCLUDE BERNARD POUSSOT, FORMER PRESIDENT OF PHARMA COMPANY WYETH LABORATORIES INC.. RICHARD ANDERSON OF MEDTRONIC PLC, THE WORLD'S LARGEST MEDICAL DEVICE COMPANY THAT’S GENERATING MOST OF ITS PROFITS FROM THE U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. STEPHEN HEMSLEY FORMER CEO OF UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, A HEALTH INSURANCE PROVIDER AND 5TH LARGEST CORPORATION IN THE USA*
“Bernard J Poussot.” Bloomberg. 2020
“Medtronic PLC - Richard Anderson.” Wall Street Journal - Markets. 2020
*UnitedHealth Group is currently the 7th largest corporation in the US by total revenue, but in 2018 it was the 5th largest.
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COMPANIES PROVIDING LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE OWN OVER $1.9 BILLION WORTH OF STOCK IN THE FAST-FOOD INDUSTRY
“Health Insurers Hedge Bets With Fast Food Stock.” ABCNews. April, 2010
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THE HEAD OF THE US GOVERNMENT’S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, RESPONSIBLE FOR SETTING FEDERAL DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR ALL AMERICANS, IS ALEX AZAR, WHO WAS A SENIOR EXECUTIVE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL GIANT ELI LILLY
“Alex M. Azar II.” HHS.gov. January, 2020
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HALF OF THE WORLD GRAIN WHICH IS NOW FED TO LIVESTOCK COULD INSTEAD BE USED TO FEED THE 800,000,000 STARVING AND MALNOURISHED PEOPLE AROUND THE PLANET. WE COULD REVERSE CLIMATE CHANGE BY GETTING RID OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE ENTIRELY AND ALLOW FORESTS TO GROW BACK. WE COULD PREVENT NEW PANDEMICS FROM EMERGING FROM THE FACTORY FARMS
“Intergovernmental Panel Links Pandemic Risk To Meat Consumption.” Forbes. November, 2020
“Plant-based diet can fight climate change - UN.” BBC. August, 2019
“Beef.” Global Issues. August, 2010
Further viewing on animal agriculture’s devastating impact on our world: Cowspiracy